An increase in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity is associated with vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and rapamycin, which blocks the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin, inhibits this proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
The physiological changes that occur as a result of exercising regularly practiced are essentially the growth of muscle tissue and the ability to regulate the nervous tissue to vary the number of muscle fibers contract simultaneously. Not all skeletal muscle fibers are exactly alike. They come in fast twitch and slow twitch.