The primary objective of Apollo 11 was to complete a national goal set by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961: perform a crewed lunar landing and return to Earth.
Additional flight objectives included scientific exploration by the LM, or lunar module, crew; deployment of a television camera to transmit signals to Earth; and deployment of a solar wind composition experiment, seismic experiment package and a Laser Ranging Retroreflector. During the exploration, the two astronauts were to gather samples of lunar-surface materials for return to Earth. They also were to extensively photograph the lunar terrain, the deployed scientific equipment, the LM spacecraft, and each other, both with still and motion picture cameras.
Cordless tools: power drills and vacuum cleaners use technology designed to drill for moon samples. Insulation: home insulation uses reflective material that protects spacecraft from radiation. Joystick: this computer gaming device was first used on the Apollo Lunar Rover. Memory foam: created for aircraft seats to soften landing, this foam, which returns to its original shape, is found in mattresses and shock absorbing helmets. Scratch resistant lenses: astronaut helmet visor coating makes our spectacles ten times more scratch resistant.
Along with their backpacks, an American flag, and half the Apollo 11 moon-landing module, Armstrong and Aldrin left some sentimental mementos on the surface of the moon, including: A patch from the never-launched Apollo 1 mission; Medals commemorating pioneering Soviet cosmonauts Vladimir Komarov and Yuri Gagarin, who had died in flight in 1967 and 1968; and Goodwill messages from 73 world leaders. While on the moon, one of the astronauts knocked loose the circuit breaker responsible for igniting the engine that would propel the Apollo 11 astronauts back to the orbiting command module—their only ride home. Aldrin used a felt tip pen to push the breaker back into place.