PRESENTATION OUTLINE
BALKANS: region that included most of present-day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, turkey, and former yougoslavia.
BLOOD AND IRON: "blood and iron" was the speech that Otto Von Bismarck gave with the belief that a strong industry and military was needed in a country to have success. The blood represented the military while the iron represented the industry of Germany.
CAMILLO DI CAVOUR: prime minister of the independent Italian state of Piedmont who organized the effort to drive Austria out of all the northern Italian states.
CHANCELLOR: chief minister of Germany.
CHARLES X: king of France was determined to restore much absolutism as possible. He was restored to power by the congress of Vienna. His conservative actions prompted his overthrow in 1830.
CONGRESS OF VIENNA: a meeting of European leaders in Vienna Austria whose goal was to return all lands back to their countries and return power back to the royal families bringing back the monarchy system.
CONSERVATIVES: people who are against change and hold to traditional values.
GIUSEPPE GARABALDI: revolutionary leader in the southern Italian states whose military tactics were superior to those of his opponents.
GUERILLA WARFARE: type of fighting in which soldiers use swift hit-and-run attacks against the enemy.
JUNKER: a powerful class of landed aristocrats in Prussia who supported Bismarck's plan for the unification of Germany. Bismarck was a junker.
KAISER: the German translation for the Latina word Caesar.
LIBERALS: people who are open to new ideas and are willing to move away from tradition.
Louis-Napoleon: nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte was elected president of France. Took title of emperor Napoleon lll, taking advantage of the political instability of France. He stabilized and industrialized France.
LOUIS-PHILIPPE: king who replaced Charles x in France, he lost his popularity with the people of France and was overthrown in favor of a republic.
MILITARISM: the building-up of a country's military and to use the military to gain and maintain military strength.
NATIONALISM: is the cultural identity of people. The people have pride in their own country based on shared customs, common cultural practices, religion, language, ethnicity, and common history.
OTTO VON BISMARCK: chancellor of Prussia who led the unification process using militarism and "blood and iron".
RADICALS: people who want a total and complete change in social and political form.
REALPOLITIK: "realistic politics," which means a political and military leader does whatever it takes to reach their goal.
SEVEN WEEKS WAR: in 1866 Bismarck provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia, and then in very efficient manner Prussia, with the use of new technology, shocked the world by quickly defeating Austria in seven weeks.
UNIFICATION: bring together of many independent states into one country or nation using nationalism or motivation.
VICTOR EMMANUEL:was the king of the piedmont, the independent northern Italian state. When the northern and southern states voted to unite he was named king under a constitutional monarchy.
WILHILM I: was the king of Prussia, the northern German state that led unification. He took the tittle of kaiser under the united Germany.
