Natural Hazards
Published on Nov 19, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
What is a natural hazard
A natural hazard is any event or force of nature that has catastrophic consequences, such as avalanche, earthquake, flood, forest fire, hurricane, lightning, tornado, tsunami, and volcanic eruption
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The Difference
Natural hazards are geographical events which occur naturally under the surface of the earth. However, if one of these natural hazards leads to a significant loss of human life and damage to property, or environmental damage,it is called a natural disaster.
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What cause an earthquake
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing against each other, they stick a little.
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EARTHQUAKES IN AUSTRALIA
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Newcastle 28 December, 1989 Earthquake
One of Australia's worst earthquakes was the 1989 Newcastle earthquake which killed 13 people and hospitalised 160. It caused an estimated $4 billion of damage to 35,000 homes, 147 schools and 3000 buildings. Damage was reported over an area of 9,000 sq km, with movement up to 800km away. The amount of devastation was unusual for a relatively small magnitude earthquake. Experts say soft sediments in the ground may have intensified the shaking, to a strength the older buildings could not withstand.
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Meckering, Western Australia, 14 October 1968 earthquake
The small town of Meckering, which is located 130km east of Perth, was destroyed by the second strongest onshore earthquake recorded in Australia. Twenty people were injured and 50 buildings damaged, with a cost of $1.5 million which is equal to about $57 million today. In Perth buildings swayed for three minutes, and tremors were felt up to 700km from the epicentre. Before the earthquake, Meckering had 51 dwellings, 12 businesses and 15 public buildings. Only 16 houses and three businesses survived
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Meeberrie, Western Australia, 29 April 1941 earthquake
Australia's most powerful onshore earthquake to date hit Meeberrie in 1941. It caused little devastation as it shook an area where few people lived. It did, however, crack all the walls of Meeberrie homestead, a heritage listed station north of Mullewa, from floor to ceiling, burst the rainwater tanks and rupture the ground. Minor damage was reported in Perth, 500km away. No injuries were recorded. This earthquake had a magnitude of 7.2
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