NEPHROLOGY & UROLOGY

COMBINING FORMS

• Cyst/o: bladder
• Lith/o: stone
• Meat/o: opening, passageway
• Nephr/o: kidney
• Pyel/o: renal pelvis

COMBINING FORMS

• Ureter/o: ureter
• Urethr/o: urethra
• Urin/o: urine
• Vesic/o: bladder

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KIDNEYS

• Retroperitoneal, adjacent to spine
• Composed of nephrons
• Outer cortex
• Inner medulla
• Renal pelvis

ROLE OF KIDNEYS

• Filter waste, create urine
• Maintain BP:
• Retain H2O, secrete renin
• Maintain blood pH
• Erythropoiesis

OTHER ORGANS

• Ureters (2): transport urine to bladder
• Bladder: 300-400 ml capacity
• Excretion terms: urination, voiding, micturition
• Urethra: transports urine outside via meatus

FORMATION OF URINE

• Urine is 0.95 water + 0.05 solid waste
• Avg is 1-2 L/day
• 1. Filtration of diffusable material from blood
• 2. Reabsorption out of nephrons back into blood
• 3. Secretion of waste substances, creating urine

GENERAL TERMS

• Anuria, oligouria, polyuria
• Dysuria
• Hematuria
• Pyuria
• Glycosuria

CONDITIONS

• Hydronephrosis
• Polycystic kidney disease
• UTI, pyelonephritis
• Enuresis

NEPHROLITHIASIS

• Aka: renal calculus
• Lithogenesis
• Renal colic, hematuria
• Dietary changes
• Lithotripsy

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KIDNEY FAILURE

• Acute or chronic
• End-stage renal disease
• Renal transplant
• Hemodialysis
• Peritoneal dialysis

PROCEDURES

• Cystectomy
• Cystoscopy
• Nephrectomy
• Nephrolithotomy
• Nephropexy