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Slide Notes

Operant conditioning is based upon the idea that behavior is affected by its consequences.

Experiment Example:
A rat was placed in a sound proof box for several days while food was occasionally dispensed in bitts onto a tray. There was also a lever that the rat could push down which would dispense food immediately. After eating, the rat would continue to press the lever. When there was no food dispensed, the rat stopped pushing on the lever. The sound of the dispensed food is considered a reinforcer that strengthened the rat’s behavior.
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Operant Conditioning

Published on Nov 26, 2015

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1.

Operant Conditioning

Operant conditioning is based upon the idea that behavior is affected by its consequences.

Experiment Example:
A rat was placed in a sound proof box for several days while food was occasionally dispensed in bitts onto a tray. There was also a lever that the rat could push down which would dispense food immediately. After eating, the rat would continue to press the lever. When there was no food dispensed, the rat stopped pushing on the lever. The sound of the dispensed food is considered a reinforcer that strengthened the rat’s behavior.
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2.

B.F.Skinner

Operant conditioning forms an association between behavior and a consequence
Burrhus Friederich Skinner developed the basic concept of operant conditioning. His theory is based upon learning being a function of change in overt behavior. This change is a result of an individual's response to stimuli that happens in the environment, and it produces a consequence like hitting a ball or solving a math problem.
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3.

Reinforcement

  • Reinforcer: anything that strengthens the desired response
  • Postive or negative
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4.

Positive Reinforcement

  • verbal praise
  • good grade
  • feeling of increased accomplishment or satisfaction
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Negative Reinforcement

  • Stimulus that results in increased frequency of a response when it is withdrawn
  • Not a punishment
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6.

Punishment is used to suppress behavior

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What is a punisher?

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A punisher decreases behavior, makes it weaker, and less likely to occur.

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Consequences

immediate and clearly linked to the behavior
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10.

What is considered a
consequence?

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An effect on a behavior that reduces or strengthens the behavior ,and is also defined as a punishment or reinforcement.

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Positive Consequences

  • Something added
  • Positive reinforcement: increases behavior
  • Positive punishment: decreases behavior
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Negative Consequences

  • Something removed
  • Negative reinforcement: increases behavior
  • Negative punishment: decreases behavior
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14.

"starting Something Good" or "ending Something Bad"
Behavior increases

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"ending Something Good" or "starting Something Bad"
Behavior decreases

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