OPIUM WAR

THE CHINA TEA TRADE

• Opium has been known in China since the 7th century.
• For centuries it was used for medical purposes.
• The usual shipment of Opium to China would be about 200 boxes
• Opium being shipped to China came from East India Company
• In the 1820, opium became available in the non-British controlled areas of India

INDIA-Tax on Export of Opium

• Silver was needed, and the emperor grew angry
• By 1817 the British thought that trading opium would reduce

China's Response

• Opium conflicted with public morals so it was banned
• Emperor Yongzheng prohibited the sale and smoking of the drug in 1729.
• Over 30,00 chests were imported from India by 1836

Britain's Response

• British traders were able to smuggle opium into China from India.
• It balanced the addiction of opium and Indian tea
• In response the British created the Nanking Treaty.
• Britain increased its earnings from China even after opium was banned.

THE US AND CHINA

SELF STRENGTHENING MOVEMENT

• Prince Gong was made grand councilor and made peace with the western powers.
• Commerce, agriculture and industry became popular
• The movement lost member and the need to reform was dropped

"THE OPEN DOOR POLICY"

The Open Door Policy is a concept in foreign affairs, initially used to refer to the United States policy in late 19th century and early 20th century that would grant multiple international powers with equal access to China, with none of them in total control of that country.

DOLLAR DIPLOMACY

Dollar Diplomacy is the effort of the United States—particularly under President William Howard Taft—to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries.

PRESIDENT WILSON'S FOURTEEN POINTS

A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined.

Self Determination-Freedom of the people of a given area to determine their own political status; independence.

PRESIDENT WILSON'S HIPOCRACY

In a secret protocol attached to the public Agreement, both parties agreed not to take advantage of the special opportunities presented by World War I to seek special rights or privileges in China at the expense of other nations allied in the war effort against Germany.

THE NINE POWERS TREATY

was a treaty affirming the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China as per the Open Door Policy, after the Suzerainty system fell apart by the Western invasion in East Asia that outlawed Chinese capability for the "Close Door Policy" since Qing Dynasty, signed by all of the attendees to the Washington Naval Conference on 6 February 1922.

CHINA'S NEW "OPEN DOOR POLICY"

Deng Xiaoping set in train the transformation of China's economy when he announced a new "open door" policy in December 1978.