WELCOME SCIENCE 10!

QUESTION OF THE MORNING

ORGANIC

• Is a compound almost always containing carbon
• Can be produced either naturally or in a lab
• Used to be called organic because it could only be made by organisms
• Now definition has changed because it can be synthesized in the lab today

INORGANIC

• Generally do not contain carbon
• Exceptions to this are: Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and ionic carbonates

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

• Study of compounds that contain carbon
• Carbon has four valence electrons
• Therefore it can form four covalent bonds
• Almost always bonded with hydrogen or elements close on PT
• Can bond with itself to form long chains, carbon is a special element

RECOGNIZING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

ORGANIC FORMULAS

• Hydrogen does NOT come first (that's an acid)
• Ex. CH4 is not H4C the C goes first to not make you think it is an acid
• HCl has hydrogen written first = making it an acid not organic
• Writing C first helps us know it is organic

HYDROCARBONS

• Organic compounds only containing carbon and hydrogen
• Simplest is CH4 carbon bonding with four hydrogen atoms
• Other hydrocarbons are made by linking carbons and adding more hydrogens
• The first five hydrocarbons are all flammable and often used in making fuels
• Ethane and methane gas used a room temp, others need pressure to turn into liquids

REVIEW CHECK

• What element must be present for a compound to be organic?
• What other element is almost always present in organic molecules?
• What is an inorganic compound that contains carbon?
• What two elements are present in hydrocarbons?

ALCOHOLS

• Kind of organic compound
• Contains C, H, and O
• Used as a solvent (can dissolve many substances)
• Ex. Black permanent marker, nail polish remover
• Ethanol is used in some beverages and is poison if consumed too much

IDENTIFYING ORGANICS

• Pg. 251 #4
• Identify if it is organic or inorganic
• Should take 5 mins
• Model making next

MODELLING ORGANIC MOLECULES