ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

CARBOHYDRATE

• A carbohydrate is any organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and provides nutrients to the cells of living things
• Bread is made up of mostly carbohydrates
• Chemical composition: C1 H2 H1

FUNCTION AND EXAMPLES

• Primary energy source for cell; provide fast energy
• Provides structural support (plant and fungi cell walls)
• Examples: monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
• Examples: glycogen, starch, cellulose

PROTEINS

• Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (polypeptides)
• Four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures
• Chemical composition: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen

FUNCTIONS AND EXAMPLES

• Serve as enzymes
• Control reaction rates
• Builds bones and muscles
• Examples: steak, egg, any dairy

NUCLEIC ACID

• Composed of long chains of nucleotides, linked together by dehydration synthesis
• Two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic, ribonucleic acids
• Made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

FUNCTION AND EXAMPLES

• Store and transfer important information within cells
• Examples: DNA & RNA

LIPIDS

• General term for compounds not soluble in water
• Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated
• Composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen