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I&D Determinism

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1.

I&D DETERMINISM

2.

DETERMINISM

IDEA THAT BEHAVIOUR IS CONTROLLED BY INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL FORCES - BEHAVIOUR IS MORE PREDICTABLE
3.

FREE WILL

EACH INDIVIDUAL HAS THE ABILITY TO MAKE CHOICES ON THEIR OWN BEHAVIOUR
4.

HARD DETERMINISM

NO FREE WILL. BEHAVIOUR IS COMPLETELY PREDICTABLE
5.

SOFT DETERMINISM

SOME ELEMENT OF FREE WILL. BEHAVIOUR IS LESS PREDICTABLE
6.

BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM

FOR EXAMPLE GENETIC AGGRESSION - MAOA GENE AND CDH13
7.

ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM

E.G. PHOBIAS - NS + UCS = CR
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8.

Free Will

  • Complete control over behaviour, self-determination
9.

Genetic determinism is criticised as behaviours aren't 100% genetic

  • MZ twins - 80% similarity on intelligence 40% depression 50% aggression 40% schizophrenia
  • Genetics do not determine 100% of behaviour, either is environment. Both play a significant role.
10.

Free will is an illusion

  • Humans are no different to animals in terms of behaviour
  • Skiiner - decide between different courses of actions gives illusion of free will
  • But choices are determined by previous reinforcement
11.

Free will may be culturally relative

  • Self determination mainly relevant only to individualistic cultures
  • Collectivist cultures place greater value on behaviours determined by group needs rather than individual
  • Free will is the product of socialisation and therefore isn't universal
12.

Studies attempting to demonstrate free will

  • Libert - recorded activity in motor areas of the brain prior to the awareness of the decision to move the finger
  • Chun Siong Soon - recorder activity 10 seconds before awareness to act
  • Treven and Miller - simply readiness to act rather than the intention to move

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