URINARY SYSTEM

Excretory SYSTEM

• Removing certain waist
• Take out excess water waist
• Maintaining bodies acid-base
• Homeostasis- equilibrium or constant state of natural balance in the internal environment

KIDNEYS

• Two bean organs
• Divided into two main sections.
• Cortex- outer section
• Medulla- is the inner section.
• Hilum- a notched or indented area through the ureter,nerves,blood vessels enter and leave the kidneys.

Nephrons- microscopic filtering units located in the kidneys, there is one million nephrons per kidney.

Glomerulus- a cluster of capillaries.

BOWMAN'S CAPSULE

• Is a C-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and starts the convoluted tubule.

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• Picks up materials filtered through the blood in the glomerulus tube, then sends the, into the convoluted tube.
• By the time the materials had been filtered through most of the water,glucose, vitamins, and salts had be reabsorbed.

BLADDER

• A hollow, muscular sac.
• Has a mucous membrane lining arranged in a series of folds, called rugae.
• Rugae- disappear as the bladder expands to fill with urine.

Ureters- two muscular tubes about 10-12in long.
One extends from the renal pelvis of each kidney to the bladder.

• Two muscular tubes
• About 10-12in long

PYELONEPHRITIS

• Inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis.
• Treatment methods are antibiotics and increase fluid intakes.

RENAL FAILURE (ARF)

• When kidneys stop functioning.
• Treatment dialysis, restricted fluid intake, correction of the condition causing ARF.
• CRF chronic renal failure- progressive loss of kidney function.

UREMIA

• Also known as Azotemia
• A toxic condition that occurs when kidneys fail and urinary waste are found in blood stream.
• Any condition affecting the kidneys can result in this.

URETHRITIS

• Inflammation of the urethra
• Caused by bacteria, viruses, or chemicals.
• Both male and female can get this.
• Treatments include sitz baths,or warm moist compresses.
• Antibiotics or increase fluid intakes.

SOME VOCABULARY

• Polyuria- excessive urination
• Anuria- absence of urination
• Hemarturia- blood in urine.
• Dysuria- painful urination
• Retention- inability to empty the bladder
• Incontinence- involuntary urination
• Pyuria- pus in urine

BIBLIOGRAPHY