Unit Vocab

Bacon's Rebellion

• was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.

circumnavigate

• sail all the way around (something especially the world)

Conquistador

• a conqueror, especially one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.

Encomienda system

• in colonial spanish America, legal system by which the Spanish crown attempted to define the status of the Indian population in its America colonies.
• It was based upon practice of exacting tribute from Muslim and Jews .

Enlightenment

• a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition.

Great Awakening

• was an evangelical and revitalization movement that swept Protestant Europe and British America, and especially the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s, leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism.

Indentured servant

• A person under contract to work for another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country.

Inflation

• is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling.

Mayflower Compact

• An agreement reached by the Pilgrims on the ship the Mayflower in 1620, just before they landed at Plymouth Rock. The Mayflower Compact bound them to live in a civil society according to their own laws.

Mercantilism

• also called "commercialism,” is a system in which a country attempts to amass wealth through trade with other countries, exporting more than it imports and increasing stores of gold and precious metals.

Middle Passage

• the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies.

Navigation Acts

• These acts were designed to tighten the government's control over trade between England, its colonies, and the rest of the world.

Peons

• a Spanish-American day laborer or unskilled farm worker.

Pilgrims

• a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.

Protestant Reformation

• was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era.

Puritan

• a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.

Quaker

• a member of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement founded by George Fox circa 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles.

Religious tolerance

• is when people allow other people to think or practice other religions and beliefs.

Restoration

• the return of a hereditary monarch to a throne, a head of state to government, or a regime to power.

Separatist

• a person who supports the separation of a particular group of people from a larger body on the basis of ethnicity, religion, or gender.

Spanish Armada

• a Spanish naval invasion force sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588. It was defeated by the English fleet and almost completely destroyed by storms off the Hebrides.

Task System

• is a system of labor under slavery characteristic in the Americas. It is usually regarded as less brutal than other forms of slave labor.

The Columbian Exchange

• was the widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries, related to European colonization and trade after Christopher Columbus's 1492 voyage.

Treaty of Tordesillas

• agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers.

Viceroy

• a ruler exercising authority in a colony on behalf of a sovereign.

Salem Witchcraft trials

• were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693.

ANTIFEDERALISTS

• Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Patrick Henry.

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

• the original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.

Bicameral

• The Constitution states that this branch shall be comprised of a bicameral legislature, to be named the Congress. ... Under this body of laws, the United States implemented a unicameral legislature known as the Congress of the Confederation.

Bill of Rights

• he first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship.

Boston Massacre

• (March 5, 1770) arising from the resentment of Boston colonists toward British troops quartered in the city, in which the troops fired on the mob and killed several persons.

Boston tea party

• a raid on three British ships in Boston Harbor (December 16, 1773) in which Boston colonists, disguised as Indians, threw the contents of several hundred chests of tea into the harbor as a protest against British taxes on tea and against the monopoly granted the East India Company.

Cabinet

• (in the US) a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government.

Impressment

• colloquially, "the press" or the "press gang", refers to the act of taking men into a military or naval force by compulsion, with or without notice.

Intolerable Acts

• were the American Patriots' term for a series of punitive laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774 after the Boston Tea Party.

Kentucky and Virginia

• were political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

LAND ORDINANCE OF 1785

• The Ordinance of 1785 put the 1784 resolution in operation by providing a mechanism for selling and settling the land, while the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 addressed political needs.

Louisiana Purchase

• The purchase by the United States from France of the huge Louisiana Territory in 1803.

Loyalists

• a person who remains loyal to the established ruler or government, especially in the face of a revolt.

Marbury V. Madison

• was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution.

Minutemen

• (in the period preceding and during the American Revolution) a member of a class of American militiamen who volunteered to be ready for service at a minute's notice.
• a type of three-stage intercontinental ballistic missile.

Nonimportation Agreements

• were a series of commercial restrictions adopted by American colonists to protest British revenue policies prior to the American Revolution. Britain's Stamp Act of 1765 triggered the first nonimportation agreements.

NON-INTERCOURSE ACT

• This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports.

Northwest Ordinance

• A law passed in 1787 to regulate the settlement of the Northwest Territory, which eventually was divided into several states of the Middle West.

Capitalism

• an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Common Sense

• is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–76 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies.

Constitutional Convention

• The gathering that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787; all states were invited to send delegates. The convention, meeting in Philadelphia, designed a government with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

Declaration of Independence

• is defined as the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain.

Duty

• a moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.

Embargo Act

• of 1807 imposed a general embargo that made any and all exports from the United States illegal.

Federalism

• the federal principle or system of government.

Olive Branch Petition

• drafted on July 5, 1775, was a letter to King George III, from members of the Second Continental Congress, which represents the last attempt by the moderate party in North America to avoid a war of independence against Britain.

Patriots

• Patriots (also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs) were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British control during the American Revolution and in July 1776 declared the United States of America an independent nation.

Pontiac's rebellion

• known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain.

Proclamation of 1763

• was issued October 7, 1763, by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains

Quartering Acts

• is a name given to a minimum of two Acts of British Parliament in the local governments of the American colonies to provide the British soldiers with any needed accommodations or housing.

Republican Motherhood

• is a 20th-century term for an attitude toward women's roles present in the emerging United States before, during, and after the American Revolution.

Sectionalism

• is loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole. It is often a precursor to separatism.

Shay's rebellion

• An uprising led by a former militia officer, Daniel Shays, which broke out in western Massachusetts in 1786. Shays's followers protested the foreclosures of farms for debt and briefly succeeded in shutting down the court system.

Sons of Liberty

• was an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government.

Sugar and Stamp Acts

• A law passed by the British government in 1765 that required the payment of a tax to Britain on a great variety of papers and documents, including newspapers, that were produced in the American colonies.

Federalists

• a supporter of federal government; especially : a supporter of the U.S. Constitution. Federalist : a member of a major political party in the early years of the U.S. that wanted a strong central government.

First Continental Congress

• An assembly of delegates from the thirteen colonies (soon to become the thirteen states). It governed during the Revolutionary War and under the Articles of Confederation.

French Revolution

• is an uprising in France against the monarchy from 1789 to 1799 which resulted in the establishment of France as a republic.

Great Compromise

• was an agreement that large and small states reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States

GUERRILLA WARFARE

• is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

Hartford Convention

• was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 – January 5, 1815 in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's

Tariffs

• Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers.

Three-fifths Compromise

• was a compromise reached between delegates from southern states and those from northern states during the 1787 United States Constitutional Convention.

Townshend Acts

• A series of measures introduced into the English Parliament by Chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend in 1767, the Townshend Acts imposed duties on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies.

Treaty of Ghent

• The peace Treaty of Ghent was signed on December 24, 1814 between Great Britain and the United States of America and concluded the 32 month War of 1812 which ended in a stalemate.

Treaty of Paris

• of 1783, negotiated between the United States and Great Britain, ended the revolutionary war and recognized American independence.

VIRGINIA PLAN

• was a proposal by Virginia delegates for a bicameral legislative branch. The plan was drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787.

Whiskey Rebellion

• a revolt of settlers in western Pennsylvania in 1794 against a federal excise tax on whiskey: suppressed by militia called out by President George Washington to establish the authority of the federal government.

WRITS OF ASSISTANCE

• a writ issued to a law officer (as a sheriff or marshal) for the enforcement of a court order or decree; especially : one used to enforce an order for the possession of lands.

XYZ Affair

• was a diplomatic incident that occurred between the United States and France in 1797. In an attempt to avert war with Great Britain, the U.S. signed the Jay Treaty in 1795.

Untitled Slide