VACUOLES

STRUCTURE

• Vesicle: fluid surrounded by a lipid bilayer
• Peroxiosomes: lipid bilateral witha crystallized core
• Lysosomes: membrane with transport proteins, lipid layer, and a hydrolytic enzyme mixture

FUNCTIONS

• Vesicles: storage and transport, fuse with membranes
• Peroxiosomes: break down fatty acids and amino acids, detoxify (ex.: alcohol in liver)
• Lysosomes: break down proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, etc.

MAIN BIOMOLECULES

• Lipids
• Transport proteins (in lysosomes)
• Enzymes (in lysosomes)

DIFFERENCES B/W PLANTS AND ANIMALS

• Plants: vacuoles surrounded by tonoplast, can exert force on cell wall
• Animals: smaller than plant vacuoles, but more in number, not all animal cells have vacuoles, have lysosomes and peroxiosomes

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

• Evolved along with eukaryotic cells around two billion years ago
• Formed from lipid membrane

SOURCES

• OpenStax Biology Textbook
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicle_(biology_and_chemistry)