Subjunctive clauses

INdirect Question (iq)

• To start an IQ you need to use a head verb
• Some examples of head verbs are rogare, scire, cognoscere, etc
• Then you use a question word to link the indicative & subjunctive clauses
• Some examples of question words are quis, quid, ubi, etc
• To end the sentence, you have a subjunctive clause at the end

Indirect question

• Here's an example of an IQ:
• Latin: Nescivi ubi hic agricola fuisset.
• English: I do not know where the farmer had been.
• The head verb used was nescivi/ I do not know
• The question word used was ubi/where

Cum clauses

• There are three types of cum clauses 
• The first is causal which is translated with Since/Beacuse
• The second is circumstantial which is translated with When
• The third is conssesive which is translated with Although and Nevertheless
• *Cum Conssesive also has tamen in its sentence to identify it

cum causal

• This is the cum clause that starts with Since/Because 
• Here's an example of a cum causal clause:
• Cum domo diu mansissemus, mater nos iussit discedere
• Because we remained home for a long time, mother ordered us to return
• The cum causal clause has the Because at the beginning as you can see

Cum circumstantial

• This is the cum clause that starts with When
• Here's an example of a cum circumstantial clause
• Cum Vergilius Romam adveniret, multa clarissima aedificia erat.
• When Vergil came to Rome, there were many famous buildings.
• As you can see, this cum clause was translated with When at the beginning

Cum conssesive

• This is the clause that starts with Although
• Here's an example of a cum conssesive clause
• Latin: Cum divites viri saepe pauperos homines contemnant,  
• tamen vitae eorum sunt asperiores

Although the rich men looked down on poor men, nevertheless their lives are harsher.

INdirect Command

• To form this kind of a sentence:
• You need a command word like rogo, oro, etc
• You also need ut/ne to connect the indicative & sunjubctive clauses
• This type of subjunctive clause also takes a dative object

indirect command

• Here's en example of an indirect command
• Paterfamilias servos vetuit ut ad Forum irent
• The head of the household forbade the slave to go to the Forum
• Forbade is the command word
• ut means to which connects the two clauses

Purpose clauses

• It starts with the indicative clause
• Connecting the two clauses is ut/ne
• It ends with the subjunctive clause

Purpose clauses

• Here's an example of a purpose clause
• Mater multum cibum filiae gracili dedit ne aegra esset
• The mother gave a lot of food to the slender daughter so that 
• she would not be sick
• The ne is so that she would not be sick 

Result clauses

• These clauses start off with an indicative clause
• There is a ding ding word such as tam, talis, etc
• Connecting the two clauses is ut/ ut non
• Lastly comes the Subjunctive clause

Result clauses

• Here's an example of a result clause
• Miser servus totiens a domino verberabatur ut capiti valde nocuerit.
• The miserable slave was beaten so often by the master that 
• his head was greatly harmed.
• Totiens is the ding ding word meaning so often and ut meaning that