Industrial Revolution

American industry develops

• The primary source of income in America after the War of Independence was international trade, ...
• Farms and plantations produced agricultural products such as grain and tobacco,
• which were shipped to Great Britain, southern Europe, and the West Indies.
• However, two events the passage of President Thomas Jefferson’s Embargo Act of 1807,
• the War of 1812 turned the attention of Americans toward the development of domestic industries.

WHERE IT BEGAN

• nowhere else in the nation was the push to invest in industry as great as in New England.
• There, citizens had depended heavily upon shipping and foreign trade for income.
• Agriculture in the region was not highly profitable.

Wealth in the united states

• Northeasterners, prompted by changing economic conditions,
• invested their capital in factories and manufacturing operations.
• Cash crops did not grow well in the Northern soil and climate.
• Southerners, on the other hand, had begun to reap huge profits from cotton by the mid-1790s.
• The South had little incentive to industrialize.

Who was affected by manufacturing

• The North had not eliminated agriculture.
• However, the type of land and the growth of cities in the North
• encouraged farmers to cultivate smaller farms than Southerners did,
• and to grow crops that did not require much labor to flourish.

TEXTILE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

• Agriculture in the region was not highly profitable.
• In 1793, a British immigrant named Samuel Slater had established in Pawtucket, Rhode Island,
• the first successful mechanized textile factory in America.
• However, Slater’s factory and those modeled after it still only mass-produced one part of the textile

North and South

• Agriculture north
• Cotton king south

AGRICULTURE IN THE NORTH

• Farmers in the North started out growing only what their families needed.
• farming practices in the Old Northwest the area north of the Ohio River
• farmers in the Old Northwest discovered that they could raise one or two types of crops or livestock
• They could then purchase from stores whatever else they needed.

Cash crop

• cotton, and the cotton gin, Wealthier planters followed, bought up huge areas of land
• and then put an enormous slave labor force to work cultivating it.
• In this way, the cotton gin accelerated the expansion of slavery.

Madisons Plan

• As the North and South developed different economies
• the creation of a plan to unify the nation became increasingly important.
• In 1815, President Madison presented such a plan to Congress.

His plan included three major points

• developing transportation systems and other internal improvements
• establishing a protective tariff
• resurrecting the national bank

American system unites

• As Clay explained it, the American System would unite the nation’s economic interests.
• An increasingly industrial North would produce the manufactured goods
• that farmers in the South and West would buy.
• agricultural South and West would produce most of the grain, meat, and cotton needed in the North.

Internal improvements

• For people in different regions to do business with one another and for the economy to grow,
• they had to communicate, travel, and transport goods.
• The first steam locomotive in the United States was built in 1825.

TARIFFS

• Ever since the end of the War of 1812
• British goods such as iron and textiles stockpiled during the war were sold far below the cost of American-made merchandise
• Consequently, few bought the more expensive American products.
• Placing a tariff on imports would increase the cost of foreign goods and thereby eliminate their price advantage.

HOW PEOPLE FELT ABOUT TARIFfS

• Moreover, tariff revenues would help pay for internal improvements
• such as roads, canals, and lighthouses.
• For these reasons, President James Madison proposed the Tariff of 1816.
• Attitudes toward the proposed Second Bank of the United States (BUS) were less divided.

THE END