CHAPTER 18

SECTION 1

WHO WERE THE PROGRESSIVES?

WHY PROGRESSIVISM?

• Industrialization and urbanization created social problems
• Government needs to take on a more active role
• Reaction against laissez-faire economics
• Need to reform government first!
• Belief in science and progress!

RAKING MUCK

• MUCKRAKERS: journalists who...
• Investigated social conditions
• And political corruption...
• Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, Jacob Riis
• Uptown Sinclair's "The Jungle"

EFFICIENCY PROGRESSIVES

• Have to fix government to fix society
• Scientific Management
• Need experts, not politicians
• COMMISSION SYSTEM:
• City government divided into departments and run by experts

BATTLING BOB

• Robert La Follette-Wisconsin governor
• Fix political corruption
• DIRECT PRIMARY
• INITIATIVE/REFERENDUM
• RECALL

THIS LED TO THE DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS!

SUFFRAGE

• Iron-jawed Angels
• State level-Federal level
• Alice Paul/Carrie Chapman Catt
• 19th AMENDMENT:
• Gave women the right to vote

SOCIAL WELFARE PROGRESSIVISM

• Crime
• Illiteracy
• Alcohol abuse
• Child labor
• Health and Safety

PROGRESSIVES V. BIG BUSINESS

• Need to break up big businesses
• Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)
• Interstate Commerce Commission (1887)
• SOCIALISM:
• Government should own and operate industry for the community as a whole

SECTION 2

TEDDY ROOSEVELT

• Youngest president
• Social Darwinist abroad
• Progressive domestically
• SQUARE DEAL:
• That everyone should have a fair chance

TRUST BUSTIN'

• Supervise but not destroy big business
• NORTHERN SECURITIES panic
• Violated Sherman Antitrust Act
• Took it to the Supreme Court
• Busted that trust!

BEAR ATTACK!

• Intervened in Coal Mine Strike (1902)
• Created Bureau of Corporations (1903)
• "Gentle men's Agreement" (1904)
• Hepburn Act (1906)
• Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug Act

DON'T FORGET ABOUT THE NATIONAL PARKS!

SECTION 3

BIG DUB

• Easily elected
• Very different from Teddy
• Slow and more of an ideas guy
• Really progressive, but falls short

CONTROVERSY!

• PAYNE-ALDRICH
• Tariff reform is very controversial
• Needed help from Joseph Cannon
• Split the Republican Party

CONTROVERSIES (2)

• BALLINGER-PINCHOT
• Replaced secretary of the interior
• Tried to sell off conservation land
• Maybe tried to give Alaska to a syndicate
• Pinchot stirred to pot and got fired

PROGRESSIVE TAFT

• Busted more trusts than Teddy
• Children's Bureau
• Mann-Elkins Act (1910)
• Set up plenty of conservation land
• Bureau of Mines/case against US STEEL

ELECTION OF 1912

SECTION 4

NEW NATIONALISM V. NEW FREEDOM!

THE NEW FREEDOM REFORMED

• Tariffs
• The banking system
• Trusts
• Workers' rights

RIFFIN' ON TARIFFS

• Asked Congress to lower tariffs
• Underwood Tariff (30% reduction)
• 16th AMENDMENT:
• FEDERAL GOV'T CAN TAX INCOME DIRECTLY

FEDERAL RESERVES

• No central bank since 1830s
• Supported Federal Reserve System
• Set up Board of Governors
• Set interest rates and slowed inflation
• FEDERAL RESERVE ACT...very IMPORTANT!

EVEN MORE TRUST BUSTIN'

• Set up Federal Trade Commission
• Not progressive enough...
• CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT
• Didn't include unions..."Magna Carta"

SECONd TERM

• Almost done!
• Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
• Adamson Act
• Federal Farm Loan Act

LEGACY OF PROGRESSIVISM

BUT WHAT ABOUT MINORITIES?

ANY QUESTIONS?

GOOD LUCK ON THE TEST TOMORROW!