The Crusades

What was the Crusades?

• Christian knights waged a religious war against the Muslims in Jerusalem in an attempt to reclaim the Holy Land

How the Crusaders dressed.

The First Crusade Video Link

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2nd Crusade

• The Second Crusade began in 1147. Combined Muslim forces dealt a humiliating defeat to the Crusaders, decisively ending the Second Crusade; Nur al-Din would add Damascus to his expanding empire in 1154 ("Crusades").

Byzantine Empire in 1156

3rd Crusade

• There were numerous attempts by the Crusaders of Jerusalem to capture Egypt, Nur al-Din’s forces took hold of Cairo in 1169 and forced the Crusader army to evacuate ("Crusades).
• Outrage over these defeats inspired the Third Crusade

4th - 6th Crusades

• Pope Innocent III called for a new Crusade in 1198. Power struggles in and between Europe and Byzantium drove the Crusaders to divert their mission in order to topple the Byzantine emperor, Alexius III ("Crusades).
• The Fourth Crusade ended with the conquest and looting of the Byzantine capital later that year in 1204 ("Crusades).

4th - 6th Crusades

• A variety of Crusades aimed not so much at weakening Muslim forces in the Holy Land, but at fighting all seen as enemies of the Christian faith
• The 6th Crusade took place in 1229 and ended with the Muslims easily regaining control of Jeurusalem ("Crusades).

2 Essential Questions

• Why did Pope Urban II request to wage war against Muslims?
• What was the outcome of the Crusades, and how did it influence the world?

Answers to 2 Essential Questions

• Pope Urban II requested Europe to wage war against Muslims because he saw the opportunity to send sinful knights on a spiritual act to regain Jerusalem, which had been taken by the Muslims, to have their violent lives forgiven of the sins they had confessed. This would save them from eternal damnation in Hell, as strongly emphasized by the Catholic Church.

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Answers to 2 Essential Questions

• The outcome of the Crusades was the increase of the power of the Catholic Church
• And next picture shows more outcomes ->

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Summary of Important Ideas

• The first crusade was started by Pope Urban II to take back holy land.
• It was a huge success so many returned home. The others stayed to govern over crusader states. Combined Muslim forces eventually defeated all of the crusaders.
• The Crusades were a holy war between the Christians and the Muslims, in Palestine

Summary of Important Events

• The third crusade was an attempt to capture Egypt after many losses.
• The last crusades were not focused on reclaiming land. They were focused on things such as eradicating threats ("Crusades).

Important Links

• http://www.history.com/topics/crusades
• http://www.historytoday.com/jonathan-phillips/crusades-complete-history
• https://themedievalera.wikispaces.com/The+Crusades+-+Long-Term+Effects
• "Crusades." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.