The image connects to the definition because the image shows a bunch of different religious symbols from a bunch of different religions. Those symbols sort of represent whatever deity that specific religion believes in.

Those people clinging on to Jesus' robes go with the definition of adherent because they believe in him and stick with him and support him and his ideas.

I think this one is pretty self explanatory. The image says 'Belief' in bold print and that's what one of the two words is and a tenet is a belief, and that's about it.

A heavenly looking picture of a 1 floating in the sky, where heaven is supposedly located. Mono is, I believe, the Latin root for 1 and theism is the belief in a god or gods. Deities are normally depicted living in the sky, so one deity in the sky is kind of what the picture represents.

Polytheism is the belief in many, or more than one, gods. The image shows several Hindu(I think) gods.

This one is also pretty self explanatory. Instead of checking off one of the listed religions, there is a check mark in the atheist box.

Praising the heavens is a sign of praying to or supporting, or just generally believing in, a god or gods and that's what happening in the image.