Low Cost housing

Presentation by
Rushabh Abhay Todarwal

contents

• Definition
• types
• objectives
• conclusion
• references

definition
low cost housing is the housing which is deemed affordable to those with a median household income as rated by the national government.

types

• low cost housing in villages
• low cost housing in cities

low cost housing in villages

• mud houses
• mortar houses

mortar houses

• fly ash bricks
• lime moratar bricks
• normal bricks
• cement mortar bricks
• Cob house

low cost housing in cities

• rcc
• aluform
• prestressed
• precast

rcc
tests were done on red bricks flyash bricks and fly ash blocks

aluform
worked out the costs and compared to rcc. it becomes more costly and does not fulfill the requirements

Normal bricks are Rs. 7 of 6 inches. They are a good option if a kiln is available near by.

Fly ash bricks are also a good option but transportation cost is added. It's a rupee cheaper than normal bricks.

This block was made using lime and sand and then compressed using a simple rammer. The block was allowed to dry in sunlight for 3 days.

The strength of the block was going to be 7 MPA.
It is quite suitable for a single storey house

Cement mortar brick was also made and its strength was around 8.3 MPA.

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rcc structure
we can use normal bricks fly ash bricks or autoclaved fly ash blocks for walls but blocks are more preferred.

Size of the brick. 22*15*8 cm
Comparison between fly ash block and fly ash brick was done.
Type Weight/cubic metre.

Fly ash brick. 1245.79
Fly ash block. -864.19
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
381.79

Fly ash brick price = Rs.1893/cubic metre
Fly ash block price= Rs. 5825/cubic metre

So even if we save in per cubic metre cost in bricks, May that be fly ash or red, the weight of
these bricks is much more than the fly ash autoclaved block. Hence the block saves in steel and
is much more economical as it reduces the dead weight on the building.

A trip to rajasthan

• all houses used sand stones for construction
• the houses in villages has dry straw as roof instead of steel sheets
• use of marble was very common

iit bombay

• meet with prof. prakash nanthagopalan
• using materials like rice husk, expanded polysterene
• geopolymer concrete, paper concrete, expanded polysterene concrete

geopolymer concrete

• Geopolymer concrete is an innovative and eco-friendly construction material and an alternative to Portland cement concrete. Use of geopolymer reduces the demand of Portland cement which is responsible for high CO2 emission. uses materials such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs)

papercrete

• Papercrete is a construction material which consists of re-pulped paper fiber with Portland cement or clay and/or other soil added. First patented in 1928, it was revived during the 1980s. Although perceived as an environmentally friendly material due to the significant recycled content, this is offset by the presence of cement. The material lacks standardisation, and proper use therefore requires care and experience.

expanded polystyrene concrete

• EPS Cement Sandwich Panel is a kind of lightweight energy saving wall material, which uses cement calcium silicate or reinforced calcium silicate board as face panel, filled with cement, Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) foam particles, and as core material and forming by one time compound.

Dr. Ajay Bambole

• earthquake resistant house
• good stability, safety and service life
• 300 to 400 sq ft house with self-contained kitchen W/c toilet fulfilling swach bharat initiative
• safety and security is of priority

cob house

• Cob house construction is an ancient building technique using lumps of earth mixed with sand straw and water. Cob Building is easy to learn and requires no special equipment and uses sustainable material. Cob, cobb, clom is a natural building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous material.

i started experimenting with cob

• So I wanted to experiment with cob and see what it costs and how much viable is it with the Indian soil. So I made a small 0.35*0.38*1 m wall with the cob material. The sand and soil and grass were locally available at a very cheap price

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• The contents of subsoil naturally vary, and if it does not contain the right mixture it can be modified with sand or clay. Cob is fireproof, resistant to seismic activity, and inexpensive.
• Cob is an English term attested to around the year 1600 for an ancient building material that has been used for building since prehistoric times.

cost analysis

• Cost analysis The rectangle created on ground= 0.35*0.35*1m Required material is 3.5 bags of clay 1 bag of clay cost around 100 Rs. Total cost of rectangle = 100*3.5 + 30 (cost of straw) = Rs.380

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• Now, consider a hut of 7*5m So 35 sq m area would require35/0.35= 100 380*100= Rs.38,000 On an average it takes 1 day for a worker to make 0.35*0.35*1m worth of wall So it will take 100 days for 1 worker to complete the house

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• 34 days for 3 workers to finish the hut including roofTotal cost = 38000+ (34*3*350) = 73700+ (4000)[cost of roof] = 77700 Consider plumbing, electrification and plaster as lum sum 30,000 So total hut would cost around 77700+ 30000 = Rs. 1,07,700

experimenting with cob

• So I wanted to experiment with cob and see what it costs and how much viable is it with the Indian soil. So I made a small 0.35*0.38*1 m wall with the cob material. The sand and soil and grass were locally available at a very cheap price

conclusion

• 1 The methods like replacing commonly used material by a better alternative can reduce the cost to a great extent as material constitutes about 30% of the total cost of the project

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• 2 The use of cob as a material is a great option in India for villages as it is cheap and the materials can be available for free in village area. It has been practiced since the start of civilization and is the technique which should be revived once again.

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• 3 There is no one stop solution to all the cost problems. Each situation is different and has a different solution. As a Civil Engineer we should keep an open mind and consider all our options.

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• 4 If at all the shortage of housing is to be wiped out then it is necessary to move away from conventional approaches and adopt locally available material. Thus fresh and new innovative ideas at management level should be quickly executed

references

• 1. Bhatta, Basudeb (15 April 2010). “Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data”. Advances in Geographic Information Science. Springer. p. 23. ISBN 978-3-642-05298-9. 2. "Definition Affordable Housing" 3. CNHED Archived (4 February 2012) at the Wayback Machine.

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• 4. "Queensland Affordable Housing Consortium [QAHC], Australia".(26 April 2012) 5. "Affordable Housing: Issues, Principles and Policy Options" (26 May 2012). Canberra, Australia: Australian Council of Trade Unions. July 2007. Archived from the original

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• 6. "10th Annual Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey: 2014" 7. Hulchanski, J. David (October 1995). "The Concept of Housing Affordability: Six Contemporary Uses of the Expenditure to Income Ratio". Housing Studies. 10

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• 8. Washington State Labor Council (AFL-CIO) (2009). "Affordable Housing and Homelessness". Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. 9. Boeing, G.; Waddell, P. (2016). "New Insights into Rental Housing Markets across the United States: Web Scraping and Analyzing Craigslist Rental Listings". Journal of Planning Education and Research

literature review

• close to 65 percent people live in cities. the number is expected to go up to 72 by 2025.
• the city cannot provide housing to almost 70 percent of the population. these are the people on whose backs the city works.
• in villages most of the youth have been found to settle with their parents or migrate to cities.

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• several studies have gone under pilot projects to estimate the cost reduction in cities
• but low cost housing is as much important in villages as well
• houses which are safe and stable and have a service life of more than 45 Years.

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