MODERNITY

WHAT IS MODERNITY?

• "Moderna" meaning new and now
• It lies within the mind and realm of thinking
• Refers to concept of time

MODERNITY

• Relative
• Individualized
• No universality
• Subjective

PROGRESSION IN MODERNITY

• Modernity is linear
• Not cyclical
• Touches on revolutions

CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERN PHILOSPHY

• Focuses on consciousness
• Radicalization of the epistemology
• Theological concept of historical progress

PHILOSOPHY OF THE SUBJECT

• Starts with origin of consciousness
• Then the development of conciousness
• Finally the collapse of consciousness

DESCARTES

• He was a mathematical genious
• Invented the X,Y graph
• Desire for definitive answers

DESCARTES CONT.

• Developed method of systematic doubt
• Wants a certain truth
• A philosophical achievement
• Developed meditations of doubt

DESCARTES MEDITATIONS

• Four concepts of doubt
• Is there anything one cannot doubt?
• Doubting is a certainty
• "I doubt" and "I think" coincide

DAVID HUME

• 3 major texts
• Goal was to bring science into philosophy
• Applying scientific method in concepts of human and nature

HUME CONT.

• Goal was to investigate human nature
• Speculative philosophy was based on a priori
• A priori - before the fact
• Attempt to understand science in nature, with humans.

IMMANUEL KANT

• 3 major texts:
• Critique of pure reason
• Critique of practical reason
• Critique of judgment

KANT'S OBJECTIVES

• To synthesize rationalism & empiricism
• Rescuing metaphysics from humanity

METAPHYSICS

• Defined as "the cognitions after which reason might strive independently of all experience"
• The contrast between the possible and the impossible
• A priori knowledge to not use reason

HEGEL

• German philosopher from the 1700s
• Worked with absolute idealism
• The world spirit is how he connects subjectivity

THE DIALECTIC PROCESS

• Starts with a thesis
• Argument is posted as the antithesis
• Third party forms a synthesis, which respects both sides
• This creates different perspectives on a subjective reality

HEGELS POLITICS

• His politics is all social
• He is focused on objective truths
• Does not see point in individual truths
• He acknowledges the differences in reality

HEGEL AND KANT

• Hegel understands consciousness as Kant does
• He recognizes the identity in achievement
• Transcendental appearances

Phenomenology of the mind
Study of appearance, images, and illusions
Evolution of conciousness

Kant's structure of the mind
1/3 pure reason
1/3 categories& understanding
1/3 forms of space & time

Res extensia vs res cogitans ~
Mind vs body ~
Thinking & extended vs time & space, non-thinking