This seemingly strange logic of genetics is central to the work of most animal breeders. By selectively breeding animals, they manipulate the genotypes (or inherited genes) of dogs, horses, cats, and other animals to affect their phenotypes (or visible characteristics) such as size, shape, color, and temperament
Working hours also vary among members of this profession. Those who breed animals as a hobby may only spend 2 to 3 hours a day with them (this would happen only when breeding relatively low-maintenance animals such as rabbits), while full-time breeders may work 9 to 12-hour days.
Earnings for most full-time animal breeders range from about $18,000 to $60,000 a year, with a national median of $35,000. Those who run large breeding operations, such as horse farms, tend to have the highest earnings.
Animal breeders must have knowledge of animal genetics, reproductive cycles, behavior, and health. This can be acquired through on-the-job training and personal research, but it is a good idea to take related courses at a 2 or 4-year college. Courses in biology, genetics, and veterinary medicine are valuable. Some breeders have associate degrees in animal science. Other breeders, particularly those working with larger animals, may have bachelor’s degrees in animal breeding, animal science, or a related agricultural field. Some are even trained as veterinarians or veterinary technicians.
Horse Farm Worker Earnings $18,000 to $25,000 a year Requirements • Basic knowledge of horse care • Good physical condition Responsibilities Cleaning out stalls; feeding horses; cleaning the barn; learning about horse behavior and care
Horse Farm Foreperson Earnings $20,000 to $35,000 a year Requirements • Experience working in a barn • Management abilities Responsibilities Organizing the “turnout” of horses; assisting with breeding and reproductive exams (for example, controlling horses during mating; assisting vet during examinations of pregnant mares)
Assistant Horse Farm Manager Earnings $30,000 to $45,000 a year Requirements • Extensive experience working on a farm and knowledge of farm practices • Possibly a degree in a related field • Courses in veterinary science or courses related to horse reproduction and genetics Responsibilities Overseeing and coordinating breeding program (which horses to breed and when); taking care of paperwork (for example, pedigree records); overseeing staff; interacting with clients and other horse owners.
Horse Farm Manager Earnings $35,000 to $60,000 a year or more Requirements • Experience as an assistant manager • Extensive knowledge of the horse industry • Administrative training Responsibilities Managing the financial affairs of the farm; seeking and making contracts with other horse owners to breed mares and stallions; overseeing staff; setting farm objectives; managing the buying and selling of horses.