Chromosome
Published on Jan 20, 2016
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Chromosome
- A threadlike stucture
- Contains nucleic acids and protein
- Found in the nucleus
Gene
- Transfers from a parent to offspring
- Determine characteristics of the offspring
Allele
- Alternative forms of a gene
- Arise by mutation
- Found on a chromosome
Dominant
- Most significant; powerful
Recessive
- Relating to heritable characteristics controlled by genes
- Expressed in offspring, when inherited from both parents
Homozygous
- Having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics
Heterozygous
- Having dissimilar pairs of genes for hereditary charactereistics
Gamete
- A mature sexual reproductive cell
- As a sperm or egg
- That unites with another cell to form a new organism
Somatic cell
- One of the cells that take part of the formation of the body
Purebred
- All of whose ancestors derive over many generations from a recognized breed
Hybrid
- The offspring of different breeds
Phenotype
- Observable characteristics of an individual
- Resulting from the interaction of its genotype w/ the environment
Genotype
- The genetic makeup of an organism with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or entire complex of traits
Punnet Square
- A tool to help show all the possible allelic combinations of gametes
Trait
- A distinguishing characteristic or quality
Diploid
- Having the double number of chromosomes
Hapliod
- Pertaining a single set of chromosomes
Dihybrid Cross
- The offspring of parents differing in two specific pairs of genes
Sex-linked trait
- A trait associated by a gene
- Carried only by the male or female parent
Co-dominance
- Relating to two or different alleles
- Are fully expressed in a heterozygous individual.
Incomplete Dominance
- The appearance in a heterozygote of a trait
Crossing Over
- The interchange of corresponding chromatid segments of homologous chromosomes
Homologous Chromosome
- One of a pair of chromosomes that match up at meiosis
- A chromosome with the same gene sequence as another, each derived from one parent
Meiosis
- The process of gamete formation, consisting of chromosome conjugation and two cell divisions
Law of Independent Assortment
- When two or more characteristics are inherited
Law of Segregation
- During the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
Polyploidy
- Having a chromosome number that is more than double
Pedigree
- The record of descent of an animal, showing it to be purebred
Autosome
- Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome
Karyotype
- The chromosomes of a cell
- Displayed as a systematized arrangement of chromosome pairs
Nondisjunction
- The failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division
Telomere
- The segment of DNA that occurs at the ends of chromosomes
