The Civil War

Confederate States

• Texas
• Arkansas
• Louisiana
• Mississippi
• Tennessee
• Florida
• Alabama
• Georgia
• South Carolina
• North Carolina
• Virginia

Union States

• California
• Nevada
• Kansas
• Massachussetts
• Oregon
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming
• Ohio
• Illinois
• Indiana
• Pennsylvania
• New York
• Connecticut
• Vermont
• Maine
• New Jersey
• Delaware
• Rhode Island
• New Hampshire
• Michigan
• Iowa
• Minnesota

Union States (cont'd)

• Illinois
• Indiana
• Pennsylvania
• New York
• Connecticut
• Vermont
• Maine
• New Jersey
• Delaware
• Rhode Island
• New Hampshire
• Michigan
• Iowa
• Minnesota

Union States (cont'd)

• Rhode Island
• New Hampshire
• Michigan
• Iowa
• Minnesota

Border States

• Missouri
• Kentucky
• West Virginia
• Maryland
• Delaware

Confederate strategy

• Defend their land until the northerners got tired of fighting.
• Sought aid from Britain and other European nations; hoped their needs for cotton would force them into supporting the South

Union Strategy

• Gain control of the Mississppi River, an important transportation link in the South, which would split the South in two
• Invade Virginia and seize Richmond, the Confederate capital
• Navy blockade southern seaports to cut off South's supply of manufactured goods and stop overseas sales of cotton

Fort Sumter

• A fort that was located on an island in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, and area that was Confederate land
• Confederates attacked first effectively signialing the start of the Civil War

The first battle of bull run

• Armies of about 30,000 men each clashed along Bull Run, a river just north of Mannasses on July 21, 1861
• Hundreds of people from D.C. rushed to watch the battle because they all thought it would be an easy Union victory
• At first, the Union had the upper hand, but ""Stonewall"" Jackson rallied his troops to hold firm
• Poorly trained Union soldiers began to flee as the Confederate army gained the upper hand

the emancipation proclamation

• Dramatically altered the nature of the war, the lives of african americans, and the future of the United States
• Issued on January 1, 1863
• Had little immediate effect beacause it only freed slaves in areas that were fighting the Union
• Recieved both criticism and praise
• Made the Civil War a fight to end slavery

African American Soldiers, 54th massachusetts

• Most attack by African-American troop
• Attack occured on Fort Wagner in South Carolina on July 18, 1863 by the 54th Massachusetts Infantry
• The Unit had volunteered to lead the assault and as they charged, they were assaulted by Confederate fire, but were able to reach the top of the fort's walls before they turned back in hand-to-hand combat
• Suffered terrible losses; nearly half of its soldiers were casualties

Economy of the War

• Congress levied income taxes to pay for the war in August 1861
• Union printed 400 million in paper money which led to inflation; prices of goods increased an average of 80 %
• Blockades in the South led to shortages in goods which in turn caused riots

civil war prison camps

• Both sides had prison camps
• Many of the camps were often filled several thousand over max capacity
• Diseases such as smallpox and thyphoid fever ravaged the men that stayed in the camps because of the close quarters and unsanitary liveing conditions
• As many as 100 died every day
• Many often had to resort to eating rats

Women in the war

• Women on both sides contributed to the war effort
• More than 400 women disguised themselves as men and fought
• Many ran the businesses, farms, and plantations left behind by men
• Others became spies
• The war created many oppurtunities for women
• 10,000 women became nurses
• Women like Clara Barton, Elizabeth Blackwell, Dorethea Dix, and Harriet Tubman were all important in the women's war effort

surrender at appomattox

• By the evening of April 2, 1865, Union troops had seized Richmond
• By April 9, 1865, Lee's army surrendered at the Appomattox Courthouse
• The surrender was peaceful; Grant had offered generous surrender terms: give up weapons and leave in peace

Thirteenth amendment

• The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
• In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865.

liNCOLN ASSAssinated

• Assasinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 15, 1865 in Washington D.C.
• The attack came five days after General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, an event that ended the American Civil War

Untitled Slide

• There were many casualties of the war
• More than 680,000 men died during the war
• The war effectively ended slavery but what ensued were years of discrimination and segregation
• The war also put women in a higher seat in society