Issues in multiculturalism

COntents

• What is it?
• Models of Multiculturalism
• Why do we need it?
• Example of Multicultural Societies

MULTICULTURALISM
What is it?

Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism

• Why?
• Nature or Nurture? Choice or Tradition? 
• Case Study : Britain
• Models of Multiculturalism
• Different views on culture

Role Of Culture

• Identity
• Can cause seperation
• Should not more emphasized
• Individual VS Community

Choice or Tradition?

• Reason or faith
• Seclusion or Interaction
• Culture as an identity

ways of intepretation

1

Descriptive

• Communities containing multiple cultures
• Demographic Indicator
• Shifting ethnic composition of the population
• Homogenous to heterogenous

2

Normative

• Ideologies or policies promoting it
• Attitude at ease with diversity
• Each policy differs
• 2 general trends

Normative - 1

• Emphasis is placed on communication
• Multiculturalism is created through interaction
• Cultures interact and resolve their differences
• Interculturalism

Normative - 2

• Emphasis is placed on diversity and differences
• Cultural Isolation
• Can protect the uniqueness of each culture
• Contributes to global culture diversity
• No one culture is considered to be above another

Interculturalism

• Not just passive acceptance
• Moves beyond just cultures coexisting
• Recognizes differences and similarities
• Encourage dialogue and interaction
• Multiculturalism + dialogue = interculturalism

CUltural Liberty

• The liberty to choose one's culture
• Based on one's views and beliefs
• Cultural relativism 
• Xenocentrism
• More on logic

Cultural Conservatism

• Staying in the culture one is assigned at birth
• No liberty to choose
• Distinct cultures must exist aside
• Ethnocentrism
• Helps to preserve cultural uniqueness

Discuss

• Which do you think is better? 
• Benefits and detriments?

models of multiculturalism

Types of models

• Assimilation
• Melting Pot
• Cultural Mosaic
• Cultural Pluralism
• Plural Monoculturalism

aSSIMILATION

• Spontaneous or forcibly
• 2 types - Evolution or Subjugation
• Normative -1
• Socioeconomics, distribution, language and marriage
• A + B + C = A

[Evolution]
: Parts of the current culture is changed and then presented as another culture

[Subjugation]
: A dominant culture, either more influential or concentrated, integrates other weaker cultures without changing its current culture.

Drawbacks of assimilation?

• Should immigrants assimilate?
• What does assimilation do to smaller cultures?

Melting pot

• A type of assimilation
• Different cultures taken together and mixed 
• A new resultant culture
• Contains traits of each origin culture
• A + B + C = D

Cultural Mosaic

• Celebrates the differences in culture
• Multiple cultures co-existing
• Learn good traits from other cultures
• Make up one dominant culture
• Original culture still intact

Cultural Pluralism

• One dominant culture
• Other smaller cultures
• Coexistence and adopting of good traits
• Expectations of integration
• A + B + C = D + B +C

Plural monoculturalism

• Coexistence of multiple cultures
• Little to no interaction between
• Culturally conservative
• Preserves cultural uniqueness
• Risk exclusion and segregation

Ez equation for ez life

• Cultural mosaic : A + B + C = A + B + C + D
• Plural monoculturalism  = A  B C
• Cultural pluralism = cultural mosaic + integration
• Mosaic - interaction - dominant culture
• Plural monoculturalism

DiscussSsssss

• What are benefits and detriments of each?
• Any one thats better than the others?
• Is there a better way of doing it?

Example societies

AUSTRALIA WHOOOO

Australia

• Originally aboriginal
• Immigration of whites
• Now predominantly white
• Minority aboriginal
• Assimilation

USA WHOOOOOO!!!!

Us

• English, Scotch, Irish
• French, Dutch, Germans, and Swedes
• All combined into one common culture
• Melting Pot!
• Currently assimilation

UK WHOOOOOO!!!

UK

• Integration - Seclusion
• Caused fragmentation
• Alienation and terrorism
• Action through your culture
• Faith Schools, much ethos, no logos

SINGAPORE WHOOOOO!!

SINGAPORE

• Primarily Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others
• Multiple national languages
• Holidays of each culture
• Food of each culture

SINGAPORE DISCUSSION

• What is Singapore's model?
• Is it really multicultural?
• Is there any friction between cultures?
• Benefits from multiculturalism?

Why do we need MULTICULTURALism

WHATS SO GOOD ABOUT MULTICULTURALISM

Whats so good about multiculturalism

• What good does it bring to countries?
• Are there any harms?
• Can it lead to lost of identity?
• Is it a threat to cultures?

????

• Globalisation
• Racism
• Cohesion

Globalisation

• Increased interaction
• Understanding helps better relations
• Tolerance and acceptance
• Remove fears and misconceptions
• Promote a global culture :)

Racism

• Learn about other cultures
• Accept the differences in each other
• Reduce misconception of purity
• Promote equality
• Cultural relativism

COhesion

• Cultures able to coexist and combine
• People understand each other
• Less conflict due to misunderstandings
• Community can exist without tensions

THANKS ok!!! :)