3.2-3.3 Vocab

Diploid

Haploid

Homologous Chromosomes

• carries the same genes in the same order, but the alleles for each trait may not be the same.

Autosomes

• appear in pairs whose members have the same form but differ from other pairs in a diploid cell

Sex Chromosomes

• a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds.

Trisomy

• A genetic disorder in which a person has three copies of a chromosome instead of two.

Monosomy

• a form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair.

Karyogram

• a diagrammatic representation of the chromosome complement of an organism.

Karyotype

• The number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell.

Plasmid

• a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently

Autoradiography

• an image on an x-ray film or nuclear emulsion produced by the pattern of decay emissions from a distribution of a radioactive substance.

Crossing Over

• is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction.

Somatic Cell

• is any cell of the body except sperm and egg cells

Gamete

• a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Non-Disjunction

• the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.

Meiosis

• A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

amniocentesis

• a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, and also used for sex determination in which a small amount of amniotic

Corionic Villus Sampling

• It's used to diagnose certain birth defects and genetic abnormalities in your baby. Genetic abnormalities are changes in the genes that are passed down to a baby from mom or dad.

Bivalent