CHAPTER 4

HOWE VS. WASHINGTON

COLONIAL ADVANTAGES

• Fighting on home ground
• Good decisions by generals
• Fighting for their rights and freedom
• French alliance: loans, navy, troops

COLONIAL DISADVANTAGES

• Untrained soldiers; small army
• Lack of food and ammunition
• Weak and divided central government

BRITISH ADVANTAGES

• Well-trained, well-supplied army and navy
• Wealth of resources
• Strong central government

BRITISH DISADVANTAGES

• Fighting in unfamiliar, hostile territory
• Fighting far away from home and resources
• Troops are indifferent
• Not a lot of support at home

HOW TO PAY FOR THE WAR

• Congress can't tax...
• Robert Morris and others pay for war
• "Bobs"
• Set up Bank of North America

BRITISH WOES

• Militias and guerrilla fighting
• Problems at home
• European inbalance of power

HOWE'S STRATEGY

• Military: intimidation and separate NE
• Diplomatic: said Patriots would be pardoned

NORTHERN BATTLES

• Long Island: lost
• Trenton: won (sort of)
• Princeton: won
• Brandywine Creek: lost
• Saratoga: won (turning point of war)

NATHANIEL HALE AND BENEDICT ARNOLD

VALLEY FORGE

• Terrible and disgusting
• Not enough supplies
• Thomas Paine's "American Crisis"
• But people still love GW!
• Lafayette and Von Steuben

BURGOYNE VS. HOWE

FOREIGN AID

• France-alliance, troops, money, ammo
• Spain-troops and ammo
• Polish troops
• Prussian troops

WAR IN THE WEST

• George Rogers Clark
• Battle of Vincennes: won
• Iroquois and Cherokee fight and lose

WAR AT SEA

• We don't have a navy...need privateers
• Attack British ships and take their stuff
• John Paul Jones-sort of a creep
• But he got the job done!

WAR IN THE SOUTH

• Very hard-lots of loyalists
• Battle of King's Mountain: won
• Battle of Cowpens: won
• Brutal British treatment backfires
• Greene v. Clinton

YORKTOWN

• British are outnumbered
• Bombarded for days and days
• Could not get supplies
• Surrendered
• Played "The World Turn'd Upside Down"

TREATY OF PARIS

• US in a recognized nation
• Florida goes back to Spain
• France gets colonies
• British troops remain....

SO, NOW WHAT?

NEW IDEAS

• REPUBLIC: elected government
• Differing ideas of what that is
• New constitutions: "checks and balances"
• Voting rights
• Religious freedom

WHAT ABOUT THE LADIES?

• Fought for freedom
• Should they get freedom?
• Sort of...
• Divorce
• Education

WHAT ABOUT SLAVERY?

• 5000 soldiers
• Many got freedom
• Talk of EMANCIPATION
• Talk of MANUMISSION
• We'll look at this quite a bit

WHAT ABOUT THE LOYALISTS?

• 100,000 fled after war
• Went to Ontario
• Most got their land back

FORMATION OF AMERICAN CULTURE

ANY QUESTIONS?

GOOD LUCK ON THE TEST!