Biology

Roots

• part of a plant that attaches it to the ground or to a support, typically underground, conveying water and nourishment to the rest of the plant via numerous branches and fibers.

stems

• the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.

leaves

• flattened structure of a higher plant, typically green and bladelike, that is attached to a stem directly or via a stalk. Leaves are the main organs of photosynthesis and transpiration.

plant cell

• eukaryotic cells that differ in several key aspects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms.

organelle

• one of several structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell.

cone

• mass of scales or bracts, usually ovate in shape, containing the reproductive organs of certain nonflowering plants.

flower

• sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).

seed

• flowering plant's unit of reproduction, capable of developing into another such plant.

clorophyll

• green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring.

chloroplast

• (in green plant cells) a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.

vascular tissue

• The tissue in higher plants that constitutes the vascular system, consisting of phloem and xylem, by which water and nutrients are conducted throughout the plant.

conifer

• any of numerous, chiefly evergreen trees or shrubs of the class Coniferinae (or group Coniferales), including the pine, fir, spruce, and other cone-bearing trees and shrubs, and also the yews and their allies that bear drupelike seeds. 2.

angiosperm

• a plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel. The angiosperms are a large group and include herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses, and most trees.

Fern

• Any of numerous seedless vascular plants belonging to the phylum Pterophyta that reproduce by means of spores and usually have feathery fronds divided into many leaflets. Most species of ferns are homosporous (producing only one kind of spore).

mosses

• small flowerless green plant that lacks true roots, growing in low carpets or rounded cushions in damp habitats and reproducing by means of spores released from stalked capsules.

Tree

• woody perennial plant, typically having a single stem or trunk growing to a considerable height and bearing lateral branches at some distance from the ground.

herb

• any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers used for flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume.

photosynthesis

• the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Ecological succession

• the observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

respiration

• a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.