Copy of Final Haiku Deck
Published on Mar 08, 2017
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Innate Immune System
- Made of defenses against infection that can be activated immediately once a pathogen attacks
- Essentially is a bunch of barriers that work to keep viruses, bacteria, parasites, and other foreign particles out of the body
- Also works to limit their ability to move and spread throughout the body.
Innate Immune System
- Physical barriers: skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, nasopharynx, cilia, eyelashes and other body hair
- Defense mechanisms: secretions, mucus, bile, stomach acid, saliva, tears, and sweat.
- Common immune responses: inflammation, complement, and non-specific cellular responses,
Innate immune system
- Types of white blood cells in the innate immune system: phagocytes, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, natural killer cells, and dendrite cells.
- Complement system works with the innate immune system, but if needed, it can work with the adaptive immune system.
Innate immune system
- The complement system: made of man proteins that, when activated, circulate in the blood
- When the complement system is activated, the proteins come together to start the complement cascade which has four parts.
Innate immune system
- Four steps of the complement cascade:
- Opsonization: foreign particles marked for phagocytosis
- Chemotaxis: the attraction and movement of macrophages to a chemical signal
- Cell Lysis: the breaking down or destruction of the membrane of a cell
- Agglutination: uses antibodies to cluster and bind pathogens together so then the immune system can attack and weaken the infection.
Adaptive Immunity
- Uses immunologic memory to defeat foreign invaders more efficiently
- Responds more slowly, but is more effective with recognized threats
Adaptive Immunity
- B and T cells attach to different antigens and activate to destroy the threat
- These cells develop a memory for the immune system as well as work to eliminate invaders.
Adaptive Immunity
- B cells attach to antigens of invaders to create new cells. These cells are prepared to either remember the invader or trigger other cells to assist.
- T cells have antibodies and divide to either kill bad cells, help the immune system, or identify other cells as part of one's own body.
Adaptive Immunity
- The adaptive Immune System is slower to respond, but it remembers certain invaders to defend better in the future.
- It is very specific in identifying what different cells/particles are.
- It is very diverse in its selection and effective in its purpose.
B-lymphocytes
- They clean up after the t-lymphocytes have attacked the virus
- They are responsible for making antibodies
- There are over ten billion different types of b-cells in our bodies
- If they are lined up, the b-cells can be as long as 100 soccer fields.
B-lymphocytes
- They have receptors that connect to antigens
- B-cells that recognize self-antigens are demolished
- The b-lymphocytes can connect to antigens on the surface
- They can also attack viruses/bacteria outside the cell
B-lymphocytes
- Helper T-cells send chemicals that tell B-cells to multiply several times
- Several B-cells turn into plasma cells
- Plasma cells function like the B-cells like making antibodies and connecting to antigens.
- Plasma cells can make thousands of antibodies per second.
B-lymphocytes
- They are made in the bone marrow
- They will then leave the bone marrow and mature in the thymus
- Lymphokines are secreted which stimulates the B-cells to enter the cell cycle and repeat mitosis
T-lymphocytes
- T-lymphocytes are a type of leukocyte or white blood cell in our bodies.
- They also are a very necessary part of our immune systems.
T-lymphocytes
- T and B cells work hand in hand to determine the response that the immune system will take against foreign antigens in the body.
- T cells originate in the bone marrow
- After theses cells mature, they go to the thymus where specialization happens
T-lymphocytes
- Once the specialization process starts for the t cells, they will have one of four specialized functions
- They will become either helper cells, cytotoxic cells, regulatory cells, or memory cells.
T-lymphocytes
- Helper cells make cytokines which help b cells differentiate into plasma.
- Cytotoxic cells, when activated by certain cytokines, attach to and kill harmful cells as well as cancer cells.
- Regulatory cell work to regulate the stimulated responses that the immune system makes.
- Memory cells are also responsible for helping to fight of the cancer cells.
