CALIPHS AND THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY

DEATH OF MOHAMMAD

• Never specified who he wanted to take over
• Created Caliphs to control the Islamic Empire
• 1st Caliph: Abu Bakr

POWER STRUGGELS

• Mid 18th century:ruled from India and Asia to North West Africa and Iberia
• Arab clans appointed 4 caliphs, there were struggles as to who to appoint
• Caliphs raised taxes and had punishments for those who were not Islam
• Caliphs favored Arab Muslims

SECTS

• Shia: (party) favored Ali, who later became 4th caliph but was assassinated shortly after
• Sunni: (traditional) mostly Arab, not necessarily Islamic. Didn't think caliphs had to be related to Mohammad.

UMAYYAD DYNASTY

• Caliphs were elected leaders
• Damascus as capital
• Taxed non Muslims (jizya)
• Conquered vast tribes and countries

DECLINE OF UMAYYAD

• Mohammad's descendant was murdered by Sunni's
• Shia's became discontented
• Too many Caliphs struggled for power
• Conquered lands started to revolt

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