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Published on Mar 21, 2016
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
L'EUROPA DEL XVII SECOLO
XVII
- Carestie
- Guerra dei Trent'anni
Verso la metà del Seicento iniziò in Europa un periodo di declino e depressione. Le calamità naturali (carestie, pestilenze, terremoti) colpirono pesantemente le popolazioni europee. Ad esempio la città di Napoli, nella pestilenza del 1656, perse circa la metà della popolazione.
Le guerre che si combatterono fino alla metà del Seicento bloccarono le attività economiche, distrussero immense ricchezze e crearono vuoti spaventosi, soprattutto in Germania.
Pure i raccolti furono disastrosi, e tutto ciò si tradusse con una diminuzione della popolazione Europea. I governi, per sopravvivere, aumentarono la pressione fiscale e ciò determinò un accentuarsi della già misera situazione dei popoli.
The wars fought until the mid-seventeenth century froze economic activity, destroyed vast wealth and created voids scary, especially in Germany.
Pure harvests were disastrous, and all this resulted in a decrease in the European population. Governments, in order to survive, increased the tax burden and this led to a worsening of the already poor situation of the people.
Source: http://xoomer.virgilio.it/parmanelweb/europaXVII.htm
Pure harvests were disastrous, and all this resulted in a decrease in the European population. Governments, in order to survive, increased the tax burden and this led to a worsening of the already poor situation of the people.
Source: http://xoomer.virgilio.it/parmanelweb/europaXVII.htm
Photo by antonio savasta
SPAGNA
L’economia spagnola, che nel XVI secolo aveva potuto contare sull’enorme flusso di metalli preziosi provenienti dal Nuovo mondo, entra in una fase di grande difficoltà, sia in campo agricolo sia in campo manifatturiero. L’indipendenza dei Paesi Bassi, inoltre, indebolisce il regno di Filippo II.
SPAIN
The Spanish economy , which in the sixteenth century had been able to count on the enormous flow of precious metals from the New World , is entering a period of great difficulties , both in agriculture and in the manufacturing field. The independence of the Netherlands , also weakens the reign of Philip II.
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
The Spanish economy , which in the sixteenth century had been able to count on the enormous flow of precious metals from the New World , is entering a period of great difficulties , both in agriculture and in the manufacturing field. The independence of the Netherlands , also weakens the reign of Philip II.
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
ITALIA
La crisi spagnola si riflette sulla penisola italiana, sottoposta all’egemonia di Madrid. La forte pressione fiscale penalizza le attività economiche delle regioni settentrionali, ma è soprattutto nel Meridione che la crisi si avverte più pesantemente.
ITALY
The Spanish crisis is reflected on the Italian peninsula , subject to the hegemony of Madrid . The high-tax penalizes the economic activities in the northern regions , but especially in the South is that the crisis is felt more heavily .
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
The Spanish crisis is reflected on the Italian peninsula , subject to the hegemony of Madrid . The high-tax penalizes the economic activities in the northern regions , but especially in the South is that the crisis is felt more heavily .
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
MONDO TEDESCO
La diffusione della Riforma protestante
nel mondo tedesco crea forti tensioni e
condizioni di instabilità. Gli Asburgo, titolari della corona imperiale, tentano di ristabilire l’ortodossia cattolica, generando nuova instabilità.
THE GERMAN EMPIRE
The spread of the Protestant Reformation in the German world creates tensions and unstable conditions . The Habsburgs , holders of the imperial crown , trying to re-establish the Catholic orthodoxy , creating new instability.
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
The spread of the Protestant Reformation in the German world creates tensions and unstable conditions . The Habsburgs , holders of the imperial crown , trying to re-establish the Catholic orthodoxy , creating new instability.
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
Photo by VinothChandar
LA FASE BOEMO-PALATINA
- 1617➡️Ferdinando d’Asburgo, fervente cattolico, diventa re di Boemia e nel 1618 di Ungheria, iniziando una politica nettamente filo-cattolica
- 1618➡️la nobiltà protestante boema defenestra i due rappresentanti del potere imperiale, respingendo l’esercito di Ferdinando
- 1619➡️Ferdinando diventa imperatore e per contrastare la politica filo-protestante boema si allea con Spagna, papato e Lega cattolica tedesca
- 1620➡️nella battaglia della Montagna bianca i ribelli boemi vengono sconfitti
- 1623➡️ripresa della ricattolicizzazione forzata della Boemia repressione dei protestanti
Bohemian - palatine phase
1617➡️Ferdinando of Habsburg , a fervent Catholic , became king of Bohemia and Hungary in 1618 , starting
A pro- Catholic policy Sharply
1618➡️la Protestant Bohemian nobility defenestra
the two representatives
of imperial power , rejecting the army
Ferdinand
1619➡️Ferdinando become emperor and to counter the political pro- Protestant Bohemian allies with Spain , the papacy and the Catholic League German
1620➡️nella Battle of White Mountain
the rebels are defeated Bohemians
1623➡️ripresa of Catholicising forced Bohemia
repression
Protestant
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
1617➡️Ferdinando of Habsburg , a fervent Catholic , became king of Bohemia and Hungary in 1618 , starting
A pro- Catholic policy Sharply
1618➡️la Protestant Bohemian nobility defenestra
the two representatives
of imperial power , rejecting the army
Ferdinand
1619➡️Ferdinando become emperor and to counter the political pro- Protestant Bohemian allies with Spain , the papacy and the Catholic League German
1620➡️nella Battle of White Mountain
the rebels are defeated Bohemians
1623➡️ripresa of Catholicising forced Bohemia
repression
Protestant
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
Danesi contro l'alleanza cattolica, furono sconfitti
The Danish phase (1625-1630) and The Second Stage of It and is used to divide the Thirty Years War . Characterized was essentially from the entrance in the field of Denmark against the ' Catholic Alliance and From USA Rapid defeat by the troops gathered the Catholic League and the Empire. At this stage , France Start A activity political and economic support to the enemies of the Habsburg That would Duration Until your Direct Intervention in 1635.
They were defited by Catholics
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1; Wikipedia
They were defited by Catholics
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1; Wikipedia
FASE SVEDESE
- 1632➡️invasione svedese del Brandeburgo, della Sassonia e della Baviera. Vittoria svedese nella battaglia di Lützen
- 1634➡sconfitta svedese nella battaglia di Nördlingen
SWEDISH STAGE
1632➡️invasione Swedish Brandenburg, Saxony and Bavaria . Swedish victory in the Battle of Lützen
1634➡️Swedish defeat in the battle of Nördlingen
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
1632➡️invasione Swedish Brandenburg, Saxony and Bavaria . Swedish victory in the Battle of Lützen
1634➡️Swedish defeat in the battle of Nördlingen
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
La Francia teme un rafforzamento deli Asburgo. Francia, Svezia e Province Unite si alleano (fronte anti-imperiale e anti-spagnolo)
Serie di vittorie sulla Spagna
1648 PACE DI WESTFALIA
France fears a strengthening deli Habsburgs . France , Sweden and the United Provinces team up ( the anti - imperial and anti - Spanish)
Series of victories over Spain
1648 PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
Series of victories over Spain
1648 PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
Conseguenze economiche: devastazioni e stagnazione
Conseguenze sociali: crollo demografico (20-30%) in Germania; saccheggi, razzie, violenze ed epidemie
Conseguenze religiose: accettato il calvinismo entro i confini dell'Impero e riconosciuta la libertà di culto
Economic consequences : devastation and stagnation
Social consequences : demographic collapse ( 20-30 % ) , Germany ; pillaging , looting , violence and epidemics
Religious Consequences : accepted Calvinism Within the confines of the Empire and recognized freedom of worship
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
Social consequences : demographic collapse ( 20-30 % ) , Germany ; pillaging , looting , violence and epidemics
Religious Consequences : accepted Calvinism Within the confines of the Empire and recognized freedom of worship
Source: file on PowerPoint A. De Bernardi S. Guarracino, La realtà del passato vol 1
