BRAHE ➡️KELPER

TYCHO BRAHE

A MAN OF NOBEL RESPECT

• Born into a Danish Nobel family
• Christine- 5 sons and 3 daughters
• University of Copenhegan
• University of rostock
• December 29th 1566- where did my nose go

CAREER

• Made huge contributions to out understanding of the universe
• Accurate observations- 10x greater than ever before
• elliptic orbits
• Equipped with a set of highly perfected compasses
• widely disseminated this geoheliocentric system

HVEN

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HVEN

• fredrick gave him this island
• also a large sum of money for buildings
• Stjerneborg 1584 castle of the stars
• 1576-1597
• Uraniborg (heavenly castle)

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INTERESTED MUCH?

• observations of the Super Nova 1572
• Apprentices
• Luna eclipse1566
• De nova stella (On the new star) of 1573, he refuted the Aristotelian belief in an unchanging celestial realm.
• discuss position in space - discuss expected annual parallax

The 1572 SuperNova
11 November 1572, Tycho observed a very bright star, now named SN 1572, which had unexpectedly appeared.Because it had been maintained since antiquity that the world beyond the Moon's orbit was eternally unchangeable (celestial immutability was a fundamental axiom of the Aristotelian world-view), However, in the first instance Tycho observed that the object showed no daily parallax against the background of the fixed stars. This implied it was at least farther away than the Moon and those planets that do show such parallax.

Attempted to calculate diameters of sun, moon and planets. Accuracy of observations depended upon instruments and how carefully they were used.

worked with out any magnification so the huge instruments made up for the accuracy.

TYCHO BRAHE

JOHANNES KELPER

KELPER

• born in germany
• came from poor back ground
• first became a cornucopian
• His father was like his horoscope saying " criminally inclined, quarrelsome......
• attended school on scholarship

📐Educated in 6 different institutions
📐At Tübingen Michael Maestlin (astromony professor)
knew copernican astromony well
📐went to school to become a clearly man(Protestant)
2.5 years
📐teacher of mathematics died- took the job as a 22 year old
📐1595 issued a horoscope calendar that made
predictions of bad weather peasant uprisings and others
📐catholic rulers kicked him out...
📐 Barbra

ASSISTANT IN BOHEMIA

• firm bilever of the heliocentric system
• Brahe assigned Mars to him
• frequelty strained between the two
• worked on the theorys of mercury, venus and mars
• " earth does not move in a perfect circle"

On his death bed Tycho begged him to complete the Rudolphine tables. Kelper continued his studies in Hven but Brahes instruments were lost.

Kelpers personal reaction to astronomy was mixed, he rejected most of the commonly accepted rules and he repeatedly referred to astrology as the foolish daughter of Astronomy.

CAREER

• Produced calendars from 1618-1624
• proportions of saturn and jupiter
• "theologian cosmologist" search for architectonic principles of creation
• God "the architect"
• the sun was the driving force behind planets and the world

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📐Established himself as the first scientist to demand physical explanation for celestial phenomena

MYSTERIUM COSMOGRAPHICUM

• published 1597
• influenced and directed the future of science
• " the direction of my entire life&work"
• thrust him to the front rank of astromoners
• more distant planets took more years to go around the sun

He reluctantly concluded that his geometric scheme was wrong. In its place, he found his three laws of planetary motion:
📐I The planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at a focus.

📐II In their orbits around the sun, the planets sweep out equal areas in equal times.

📐III The squares of the times to complete one orbit are proportional to the cubes of the average distances from the sun.

📐The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.
📐A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.
📐The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

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These are the laws that Newton was able to use to establish universal gravitation.

SOURCES

• Dictionary of scientific Biography V11 -15
• http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/tycho.htm
• http://www.nada.kth.se/~fred/tycho/uraniborg.html

THANK YOU