MOSCOW TAKES THE LEAD

• Princes of Moscow increased their power during the Mongol period.
• Had success due to the city's location near trade routes.
• They were tribe collectors for the Mongols and overcame neighboring towns.
• The Russian head of the Orthodox Church made Moscow his capital.
• Making Moscow a political and spiritual center of Russia.

MOSCOW TAKES THE LEAD (CONTINUED)

• In 1380, the princes of Moscow rallied against other Russians.
• And also defeated the Golden Horde at the battle of Kulikovo.
• The Mongols continued their raids, but the strength was getting weak.

IVAN THE GREAT (IVAN III)

• He was behind Moscows success.
• Around 1462 and 1505, he got most of northern Russia under his rule.
• Ivan also got back Russian territories that were in the hands of Slavic states.
• He married Sophia- Zoë who was the niece of the Byzantine emperor.
• He adopted their court rituals to define what Russia's role was as the heir to Byzantine power.

IVAN THE GREAT (IVAN III)

• Like the emperors of Byzantine, he used the a two-headed bird as a symbol.
• He and his successors took the title of czar.

"THE CZAR IS IN NATURE OF ALL MEN,

IVAN THE TERRIBLE

• The grandson of Ivan The Great.
• He limited privileges of old boyars families and gave nobles land for exchange for services.