MODERNITY

MODERNITY

• Moderna
• Here and Now
• Time is liner progress
• Not cyclical

CONSCIOUSNESS

• Orgin- Descrates and Locke
• Development- Hegel
• Collapse- Schopenhauer

CRITIQUE

• Self-reflection of knowledge
• What is true?
• What is fake?
• Find what is wrong
• Struggles against Political injustice

MAN AS NATURAL BEING

• Man from Earth
• Natural talented Vitality
• Focus on self
• Beauty of Man

MAN AS INDIVIDUAL

• Central theme -nothing else is focus
• Theocentrism two anthropocentrim- God centered two Human centered
• Freeing of Thought

DESCARTES

MATH AND PHILOSOPHY

• Math is certainty
• Black and white- once you understand you got it
• Philosophy and life is not
• Wanted to make Philosophy and live certain

METHOD OF DOUBT

• Doubt everything- even doubt
• Look for at least one truth-certain and indubitable
• Doubt is a constant

1ST MEDITATION

• 4 concepts
• Can't trust senses
• Could be crazy
• Could be dreaming
• Malicious demon could be fooling me

2ND MEDITATION

• I can't doubt that I doubt?
• I doubt doubt
• Therefore I doubt is absolute certainity

HUME

Goals and Objective

• Using experimental method for human nature
• Moral- anything with human nature
• Science of Human Nature

SPECULATIVE VS. REAL SCIENCE

• Speculative sciences- philosophy can't progress
• A Priori- "before the fact"is not observed
• Scientific method should be done- observations and experiments
• Observe life
• Critical- question and tell what is wrong
• Constructive- find what is wrong and experiment to fix it

THEORY OF IDEAS

• Humans interact with objects
• We can get to know it
• Never complete understand it- room for progress

KANT

A PRIORI

• Is reason
• Knowledge that does not need experience
• Human reason is capable of a priori knowledge

CRISIS OF ENLIGHTMENT

• Reason lost control-needs to be true again
• Nature is entirely governed by law & mechanistic-no freedom, soul, or anything, only motion

WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE

• Knowledge- verified true belief
• To know is to believe, belief must be true, belief must be verified proved true
• A posteriori - arises from sense experience, never universally true or false, continently true or false
• A priori- form the mind, pure when it is universally true or false

HEGEL

POLITICS

• need for a strong central government
• representation of the people must be popular
• rejects universal suffrage as irrational because it provides no means of mediation between the individual and the state as a whole

DIALECTIC PROCESS

• 1st- thesis
• 2nd- antithesis
• 3rd- synthesis- best of both points
• Take the best parts then combines them

ABSOLUTE IDEALISM

• The Individual- knowledge of differences-valuable
• Perceptual- all things are observed. Natural relationship, caused & effect relation
• Understanding consciousness- human mind show consciousness its own images. Itself as a great unifying principle
• Self consciousness- objective spirit "I that is a We, and We that is an I." Need of other to understand self

Franz Rosenzweig

• Franz Rosenzweig (1886–1929) ranks as one of the most original Jewish thinkers of the modern period.
• Abstracting from time- quest of universally and and essential truth in rational context of human nature. Cannot yield knowledge of things as they are. Reductive reasoning- Grasp what things are essentially inclines the old thinking to reason out