Emmy Noether
Published on Nov 22, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Emmy noether
Presentation by Llana Abella
A highly respected female mathematician during her time.
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''The most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began.''
- Albert Einstein
Some even consider Noether’s Theorem as important as Einstein’s theory of relativity.
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EARLY LIFE
- Max Noether: Father (Math Professor)
- Ida Kaufmann: Mother (Came from Wealth)
- 1889 to 1898: Studied at Höhere Töchter Schule (Aspiring to be a Language Teacher)
- 1900: Certified in teaching by State of Bavaria (English and French)
- Decided to study mathematics in university
Max Noether - University of Erlangen
Ida Kaufmann - came from a wealthy Cologne family
Studied German, English, French, and arithmetic
Ida Kaufmann - came from a wealthy Cologne family
Studied German, English, French, and arithmetic
different Route
- Influenced by father and brother (Fritz)
- University declined (allowed her to audit)
- Passed a test to be a doctoral student in mathematics
- Studied mathematics for 5 more years after
- Second woman to get a degree in mathematics
Fritz attended University of Erlangen
Noether decided to apply
Listened to lectures for 2 years
Woman graduated a year before her
Noether decided to apply
Listened to lectures for 2 years
Woman graduated a year before her
Research
- Applied to become a math professor
- Policy against female professors
- Began research under her father
- Published papers (quick shift in reputation)
- Elected in several math societies
In 1908, Circolo Matematico di Palermo, an Italian mathematical society
Then, invited member of the Deusche Mathematiker-Vereinigung, a German mathematical society in 1909
Then, invited member of the Deusche Mathematiker-Vereinigung, a German mathematical society in 1909
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Noether's Theorem
BASIS OF EMMY'S SUCCESS
Emmy’s most well known publication, Invariante Variationsprobleme (Invariant
Variation Problems), includes Noether’s Theorem. It was published in 1918.
Variation Problems), includes Noether’s Theorem. It was published in 1918.
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''The action of a physical system is the integral over time of a Lagrangian function.''
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influenced papers
- Raum, Zeit, Materie (1919, Hermann Weyl)
- Mathematische Annalen (1921, Eric Bessel Haggen)
- Courant-Hilbert (1924, Richard Courant)
Raum, Zeit, Materie - Hermann Weyl used computations similar to Noether’s
Erich Bessel-Hagen published Mathematische Annalen in 1921, where he formulated a slightly more general version of Noether’s Theorems.
Richard Courant published Courant-Hilbert in 1924, which included a limited form of Noether’s Theorem along with his work.
David Hilbert, Leonida Tonelli, Henri Lebesgue, and Jacques Hadamard (used concepts of her theorem)
Erich Bessel-Hagen published Mathematische Annalen in 1921, where he formulated a slightly more general version of Noether’s Theorems.
Richard Courant published Courant-Hilbert in 1924, which included a limited form of Noether’s Theorem along with his work.
David Hilbert, Leonida Tonelli, Henri Lebesgue, and Jacques Hadamard (used concepts of her theorem)
applications of noether's theorem
- Fundamental tool in calculus of variations and theoretical physics
- 2011, Hydon and Mansfield (continuous to discrete)
- Euler-Lagrange Equation
In 2011, Hydon and Mansfield extended Noether’s second theorem from continuous to discrete systems
Also, her theorem is now closely associated with the Euler-Lagrange equation, another topic in the calculus of variations
Also, her theorem is now closely associated with the Euler-Lagrange equation, another topic in the calculus of variations
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Shift in occupation
- 1933, Hilter and Germany
- Moved to America
- Taught at Bryn Mawr College
In 1933, Hitler began to dictate Germany and the Nazis forced all Jews to leave university.
Since Noether was Jewish, she left university was persuaded by many of her colleagues to teach at the University of Moscow in Russia.
Nonetheless, she moved to America.
There, she taught at Bryn Mawr College through the Institute of International Education and the Rockefeller Foundation.
Since Noether was Jewish, she left university was persuaded by many of her colleagues to teach at the University of Moscow in Russia.
Nonetheless, she moved to America.
There, she taught at Bryn Mawr College through the Institute of International Education and the Rockefeller Foundation.
Photo by Pete Prodoehl
''Her significance...cannot be read entirely from her own papers, she had great stimulating power and many of her suggestions took shape only in the works of her pupils and co-workers.''
- Herman Weyl, a former student
Noether didn’t teach for long. In April 1935, she had surgery to remove a uterine tumor. Four months after (August 1935), she died from a postoperative infection.
Noether inspired many of her students to make their own contributions to the field of mathematics
Noether inspired many of her students to make their own contributions to the field of mathematics
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