PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Heredity - The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) - A long nucleic acid molecule found in the nucleus of a cell, containing the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms.
Chromosome - All organisms contain cells, which all contain DNA. DNA is wrapped around proteins to form chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of cells. The main function of the chromosome is to store the genetic instructions needed to specify traits.
Gene - The basic unit of heredity in a living organism made up of DNA. Genes are located in the chromosomes of cells.
Genotype - internal genetic coding passed on from one generation to the next.
Phenotype - The observable traits of an organism passed on from parent to offspring.
Trait - A characteristic or property of an organism.
Dominant trait - A genetic trait passed from parent to child that is always expressed if they are present.
Recessive trait - A genetic trait that is only present if a dominant gene is not.
Allele - One member of a pair or series of genes on specific chromosomes in specific positions. An allele for a trait is found in the DNA of each chromosome.
Homozygous - A genetic condition where an individual inherits the same alleles for a particular gene from both parents.
Heterozygous - Having different pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary characteristics.
Prokaryote - A single-celled organism with no membrane bound nucleus. Genetic material is found free within the cytoplasm.
Eukaryote - A complex multi-cellular organism in which the genetic material is located inside the membrane bound nucleus.
Punnett Square - A chart used to determine the possible genetic outcomes for offspring of a given cross.
