CHAPTER 19

SECTION 1

1850-TURNING POINT IN HISTORY

• Life went from rural to urban
• People stopped making things by hand
• People started traveling
• Factories and "skyscrapers" were built
• Telegraphs and railroad changed everything

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• Improved methods in farming
• Turnips and Tull
• Enclosure method...
• More food, but fewer farmers
• Urbanization began

POPULATION BOOM!!!!

• Due to declining death rates
• Less due to birth rates
• More food, more healthy babies
• Better hygiene, sanitation and medical care

NEW TECHNOLOGY

• Water and wind mills developed
• Coal and steam engines
• Coal led to iron
• Led to lots of new inventions!

SECTION 2

WHY BRITAIN?

• Resources
• New Technology
• Economic Conditions
• Political and social conditions

TEXTILES

INVENTIONS

• Flying shuttle
• Spinning jenny
• Water frame

FACTORIES

RAILROAD REVOLUTION

• Created jobs
• Increased commuting/migration
• Fresh products faster
• Faster news
• Vacation spots developed

SET SAIL!

SECTION 3

LIFE IN THE CITY IF YOU WERE RICH...

AWESOME!

LIFE IN THE CITY IF YOU WERE POOR...

IN THE GHETTO...

• Slums...
• TENEMENTS:
• MULTISTORY BUILDINGS DIVIDED INTO CROWDED APARTMENTS
• Poor sanitation, garbage everywhere, lots of disease
• For the middle class, they were in the middle...duh

FACTORY CONDITIONS

• 12-16 hour shifts
• Industrial accidents
• Unsafe conditions
• No workman's comp

FACTORY GALS

• Allegedly easier to manage
• Paid less
• Still had to take care of home

CHILD LABOR

• Little fingers fix machines
• Little bodies fit in mine shafts
• Paid even less
• Sometimes beaten
• Physically and mentally deformed

THE WORKING CLASS

• Luddites hated new machines
• Strikes and unions were outlawed
• People became rather religious...
• Methodism
• Slum=salvation!

NEW MIDDLE CLASS

• Entrepreneurs
• "Rags to riches"
• Living it up!
• Becoming more "ladylike"
• Not very sympathetic

BENEFITS

• Eventually unions gained monmentum
• Social problems existed
• But there were also benefits
• Many new ways of thinking!

SECTION 4

LAISSEZ-FAIRE

• "Hand's off"
• From the Enlightenment
• Governments should leave business alone
• Smith, Malthus, Ricardo

UTILITARIANS

• Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
• "Greatest happiness" for greatest number
• Improve working conditions
• Expand voting (even ladies!)
• Stop child labor and improve public services

SOCIALISM

• Positive belief in progress, people and social justice
• People/government controls industry
• Pay a lot of taxes, but get "free" health care and school
• Utopian societies develop
• Robert Owen-mill owner/angel from Heaven

COMMUNISM

• Karl Marx
• Eternal struggle between...
• "Haves"-proletariat
• "Have nots"-bourgeoisie
• Eventually a classless society

MARX'S LEGACY

• Didn't work out as he'd hoped
• Reformers offset revolution
• No international movement
• But...
• Did influence revolutions worldwide

DON'T FORGET ABOUT...

OUTSOURCING

ANY QUESTIONS?

GOOD LUCK ON THE TEST TOMORROW!