Globalisation = shrinking world, economically, socially, culturally.
Outcome can be positive or negative.

Has created/inflated rates of crime in drug/people trafficking and cyber crime.

Multinational corporations exploit global capitalism, taking their business where the most profit will be made.
Outcome: reduced job security, increased unemployment - biggest impact on working class =working class men turning to crime.
Link to Murray - underclass - but caused by material deprivation and lack of job security.

Increase in zero hour contracts/ temp/part-time work encourages use of illegal workers - link to low wages, lack of health and safety checks

Detection less likely - movements of people between countries aid movement of illegal substances.
Immense profits to be made.
Links developed and developing worlds.

Adults - prostitution, forced labour, removal of organs
Children - prostitution, illegal adoption, forced marriage, soldiers.

Fastest growing areas of crime
Financial scams
Computer hacking
Virus attacks
Promotion of racial/religious intolerance
Stalking
Identity theft

Factors affecting this:
Increased no. of computers in homes/businesses, spread of the Internet

Estimated that a new cybercrime is committed every 10 seconds - but most undetected/unreported

Most hackers = teenagers = fun not profit.
Some hackers = access bank accounts etc.

Environmental = crimes which damage the environment, can be individual, corporation/businesses or government
E.G.
Individual = fly-tipping, littering, picking protected species
Businesses = fly-tipping, pollution
Government = pollution, transportation/dumping illegal waste

Not always considered 'criminal' when committed by INDIVIDUALS. Change in attitude - now seen as at least deviant to dump rubbish. People more environmentally aware, however, very varied attitudes e.g. Fox hunting.

Government = may need to deal with nuclear waste, campaigners think gov.
should invest in green energies. Whaling another form of 'crime' allowed by some governments, not by others.

http://www.activesustainability.com/crimes-against-the-environment

https://www.interpol.int/Crime-areas/Environmental-crime/Environmental-crim...

https://www.ft.com/content/ae6a9af0-294a-11e6-8ba3-cdd781d02d89

Particularly focused on by Marxist sociologists - influence of the bourgeoisie - journalists also investigate.

War crimes = committed by individuals/groups/state - directing attacks at civilians, torture, child soldiers etc.
Some high-ranking individuals have been prosecuted - very difficult to decide what 'is' a war crime. Iraq/Afghanistan has provided e.g. of soldiers being investigated for 'crimes'

Genocide = violent crime committed against a specific racial/ethnic/religious group. Has often been 'state sponsored' - Nazis, Rwanda, Sudan

Main source of information for most people, can stereotype and sensationalise behaviour (potential impact - deviancy amplification)

Give a skewed view - 60% of crime reporting = violent crime BUT only 20% of overall crime. Focus on elderly as most likely to be attacked, but actually young men most at risk.

Cohen - Folk Devils and Moral Panics, study of Mods and Rockers. Media reporting helped escalate behaviour.

Moral panics - not necessarily an issue today
1. More diverse culture
2. Society more complex & liberal
3. Politicians wary of alienating voters