Packet 18
Published on Nov 23, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
CLASSIFYING CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES
- Can be labeled as gases, salts, metals, ion, molecules,
- New classification- acids and bases.
Photo by Keoni Cabral
BASICS
- Before getting into detail with acids and bases,we must know basics
- Know them in water solutions
- Brief history
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ACIDS
- By mixing insoluble compounds with acids, the compound is soluble in water
- They discovered that they were new and different solutions
- When placed in water, these solutions had a "sour" taste
- Called them acids because the Latin word for sour is acidus.
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BASES
- Plant ashes were put in water and parts of it dissolved
- When mixed with acid, the sour taste is gone
- A base can neutralize the effects of an acid
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IONS IN ACIDS AND BASES
- A common ion present in acids is the H+ ion
- A common ion present in bases is the OH- ion
- When an acid reacts with a base in terms of their definition..
- Water forms
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ARRHENIUS
- When placed in water, acids &bases break apart into ions
- According to him, acids will have H+ and bases OH-
- widely accepted among chemists who deal with (aq) solutions
- Doesn't apply to non aqueous solvents
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LOWRY AND BRONSTED
- New definition for non aqueous solutions
- Acid-proton donor
- Base-proton acceptor
Photo by Eric Weisser
THE REAL ION
- The real ion for acid is H3O+
- HCl + H2O = H3O+ + Cl-
- HCl gives away a proton, it's the acid
- H2O accepts a proton so it is the base
Photo by Leo Reynolds
