Elements of Literature
Published on Nov 22, 2015
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Elements of Literature
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Action
Everything that goes on or happens in a story.
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Protagonist
The hero/heroine of the story.
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Character
A person or animal in a story.
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Setting
The time and place of the story.
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Plot
The action of the story.
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Plot Line
The action is usually made up of a series of events.
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Exposition
Part of the story (usually in the beginning) which explains the background and setting of the story; the characters are often introduced in the exposition.
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Falling Action
That part of a story which follows the climax or turning point; it contains the action or dialogue necessary to lead the story to a resolution or ending.
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Resolution
The satisfying end of the story --- that part in which the conflicts are solved.
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Conflict
The “problem” in a story which triggers action. There are two basic types of conflict, external and internal conflict.
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External Conflict
A conflict in which a character struggles against some outside force. There are four basic kinds of external conflict.
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Internal Conflict
A conflict which takes place within the mind of a character. There is one basic type.
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Point of View
The perspective from which the story is told. This depends on who is telling the story.
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The Narrator
The person or character who is telling the story.
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Dialogue
Refers to the conversation that goes on between characters in a story.
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Tone
The author’s mood or feeling about a piece of writing. The author’s tone may be serious, sarcastic, humorous, etc.
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Irony
When the reader expects something to happen, but the opposite happens instead.
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Foreshadowing
The use of clues to suggest what is going to occur in the story.
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Flashback
Technique to tell the reader about something that happened earlier.
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Author's Point of View
Second Person
The narrator is not a character in the story - but "you" are. Instruction manuals are often written in the second person.
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Third Person Objective
Someone outside is telling the story. The author is not always the person telling the story.
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Third Person Limited Omniscient
Allows the narrator to relate the thoughts and feelings of only one character.
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Third Person Omniscient
Allows the narrator to relate the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters.
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Conflict
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Person vs. Self (Internal)
A character struggles inside and has trouble deciding what to do.
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Person vs. Person (External)
One character in a story has a conflict with one or more of the other characters.
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Person vs. Nature (External)
A character has a problem with some element of nature: a snowstorm, an avalanche, a wild animal.
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Person vs. Society (External)
A character has a conflict or problem with society - the law, the school, a tradition, etc.
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Person vs. Fate (External)
A character has to battle what seems to be an uncontrollable problem.
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