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Chapter 4

Published on Nov 24, 2015

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PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1.

IMPORTANCE OF ATMOSPHERE- PROTECTS LIFE FROM HARMFUL RAYS

MAINTAINS BALANCE BETWEEN HEAT ABSORBED AND HEAT THAT ESCAPES
Photo by ecstaticist
2.

MAKEUP OF ATMOSPHERE

LIQUIDS, SOLIDS, AND GASES
Photo by BlPlN
3.

GASES IN AIR

  • Nitrogen- 78%
  • Oxygen- 21%
  • Water Vapor- 0.4%
  • Rest are traces
4.

CONDUCTION

TRANSFER OF HEAT WHEN MOLECULES BUMP IN TO EACHOTHER (TOUCH)
Photo by Liz Grace
5.

RADIATION

ENERGY TRANSFERRED IN THE FORM OF RAYS OR WAVES (FROM SUN)
Photo by Luigi_Alesi
6.

CONVECTION

TRANSFER OF HEAT BY THE FLOW OF MATERIAL- WARM AIR RISES-SINKS
7.

WATER CYCLE

  • Evaporation- Sun cause water to change from liquid go gas- rises
  • Condensation- water vapor in atmosphere cools, changes back to liquid
  • Clouds form when condensation occurs high in the atmosphere
  • Precipitation- tiny droplets collide to form larger drops.
  • Grow and fall to Earth as precipitation.
8.

HYDROSPHERE

ALL WATER ON EARTH
Photo by Stuck in Customs
9.

GLOBAL WINDS

ALL OVER THE WORLD
Photo by Matthias Rhomberg
10.

DOLDRUMS

WINDLESS, RAINY ZONE NEAR EQUATOR- 0°
11.

TRADE WINDS- 30° N + S

STEADY WINDS THAT BLOW IN TROPICAL REGIONS- BLOW EAST TO WEST
12.

PREVAILING WESTERLIES- 30°TO 60°

BLOWN FROM WEST TO EAST- RESPONSIBLE FOR MUCH WEATHER ACROSS NA
Photo by Luz Adriana Villa A.
13.

POLAR EASTERLIES- AT THE POLES

  • North Pole- winds blow from Northeast to Southwest
  • South Pole- winds blow from Southeast to Northwest
14.

JET STREAM

  • Blow near top of troposhere
  • Forms boundary at cold, dry polar air to North
  • Warmer, moist air to South
  • Moves faster in winter due to difference in between cold and warm air.
  • Narrow belt of strong winds
15.

LOCAL WINDS

Photo by Kader Lagraa
16.

SEA BREEZE

  • During the day
  • Cooler denser air over water has higher pressure
  • Cooler denser air flows toward warmer, less dense air
  • Convection current occurs
  • Wind blows from sea toward land
17.

LAND BREEZE

  • At night
  • Air from land moves out toward body of water
  • Cooler, denser air above land moves over water
  • Warm air over water rises
18.

CORIOLIS EFFECT

THE POLES ROTATE FASTER THAN THE EQUATOR BC THE EQUATOR IS WIDER
Photo by garryknight
19.

WHY TEMPS VARY

THE FARTHER FROM THE EQUATOR- THE LESS SUNLIGHT- LESS HEAT
Photo by Werner Kunz
20.

COLD AIR IS DENSER THAN WARM AIR

COLD AIR MOLECULES ARE CLOSER TOGETHER WITH HIGHER AIR PRESSURE
Photo by A Guy Taking Pictures
21.

WARM AIR IS LESS DENSE

WARM AIR MOLECULES ARE SPREAD FARTHER APART
Photo by ]babi]
22.

TROPOSHERE

LOWEST LAYER- PART WE LIVE IN
23.

STRATOSPHERE

OZONE LAYER (PROTECTS LIVING THINGS FROM UV RAYS)
24.

MESOSPHERE

SHOOTING STARS AND METEORS FROM HERE
25.

THERMOSPHERE

HIGH TEMPS - THICKEST LAYER
26.

IONOSPHERE

  • Between thermosphere and mesosphere
  • Contains electrically charged particles
  • Allows radio waves to travel
27.

EXOSPHERE

SPACE SHUTTLE- HAS FEW MOLECULES
28.

WARM AIR RISES

COLD AIR SINKS
29.

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