The Russian Church acquired her first Patriarch Job in 1589, thus procuring full independence from the Mother Church of Constantinople, although the ancient metropolitanate of Kiev was to remain under Constantinople for a century more.
The Church in Russia was best known for by one problem in the seventeenth century, that of the so called Unia. The Ukraine, or 'Little Russia' as it was known, saw the development of a Church worshipping according to the Byzantine rites yet owing allegiance to the Pope of Rome. Hierarchs in the Orthodox Church in the Ukraine had concluded a union with the Roman Church under the influence of Polish Latin-rite Jesuits and took with them a large number of their flock.
In the mid 17th century, Nikon resolved to centralize power that had been distributed locally, while conforming Russian Orthodox rites and rituals to those of the Greek Orthodox Church
In the 17th century Patriarch Nikon appropriated for himself the title of 'Sovereign' and all the concomitant imperial pretensions. Nikon loved church ceremony and ritual, yet introduced a number of reforms into the Church's pattern of worship.
Religious conservatives were led by the priest Avvakum who refused to accept Nikon’s reforms and campaigned to restore traditional practices. Avvakum and his followers feared that reformed rituals would compromise the community’s eligibility to receive the grace of God and that this would threaten their eternal salvation.
Like the religious wars in western Europe, the schism weakened the Russian Orthodox church and detracted from the authority of religious leaders. Between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, the stars progressively increased their control over the church until Peter the Great made it essentially a department of religious affairs in his government.