DENSITY DEPENDENT LIMITING FACTORS

COMPETITION

• Exists because a resource is in small supply
• Drains energy away from reproduction
• Considered a negative-negative relationship

COMPETITION

PREDATION

• Considered a positive-negative relationship
• Herbivory- eating plants
• Adaptations: claws, teeth, poisons, speed
• Self-defense against predators: flight, horns,
• camouflage, mimicry, fast, good sense of smell

PARASITISM

• Harm is done to another species
• Ectoparasites: attack from the outside (mosquito)
• Endoparasite: attack from the inside (tapeworm)
• Parasitoidism: secondary causes harm and not the insect
• (Insect and it's larva)

MUTUALISM

• Considered positive-positive relationship
• Promotes co-evolution
• Two organisms exist in a relationship that benefits both of them
• Ex: oxpecker and rhinoceros or zebra

COMMENSALISM

• Considered a positive-no effect relationship
• Few exist in nature
• Where one organism benefits without affecting the other
• Ex: cattle egrets and livestock