VOLCANOS

VOLCANIC GASSES

• SO2 causes pollution volcanic smog.
• SO2 effects Earth's surface temperature Global cooling and ozone depletion

LAHARS

• Lahars can lead to increased deposition of sediment
• Lahars can bury valleys and communities with debris
• Lahars can block tributary streams

LANDSLIDES

• intrusion of magma into a volcano
• explosive eruptions (magmatic or phreatic--steam-driven explosions)
• create a crater or scar on volcano.

LAVA FLOWS

• Collapsing lava flows trigger pyroclastic flows.
• The usual temperature is 1170-1100°C (~2140-2000°F).

PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

• destroy by direct impact.
• the ground at speeds typically greater than 80 km per hour
• bury sites with hot rock debris.

TEPHRA

• Tephra consists of a wide range of rock particles (size, shape, density, and chemical composition)
• UAsh usually covers a much larger area and disrupts the lives of far more people than the other more lethal types of volcano hazards
• Rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic