TUNDRA

WEATHER AND CLIMATE

• In the winter the temperature can reach -50°F (-45.5°C).
• Summer temperatures rarely get above 50°F (10°C),

BIOTIC FACTORS

• Biotic- meaning of or related to life, are living factors.
• wolverines, caribou, migrating birds, mosquitoes, and black flies.
• snowy owls, reindeer, polar bears, white foxes, lemmings, arctic hares
• Pants like heaths and mosses that have to adapt to the winter

ABIOTIC

• Abiotic means nonliving things
• -Strong winds Little precipitation Short summer
• long days and cold winters Poor soil Permafrost
• Snow, mountains, rain

FOOD WEB

• Tundra consists of predators such as owls, foxes, wolves, and polar bears at the top
• Predators hunt herbivores, for example caribou, lemmings, and hares
• Insects Mosquitoes, flies, moths, grasshoppers, arctic bumblebees are at bottom

Untitled Slide

NICHES

• polar bears
• bears have adapted to live in ice floes surrounding the North Pole.
• Rely on seal meat to survive and on fishes
• Polar bears are strong swimmers and can head under the ice to sneak up on prey.
• Seal provides nutrient to keep them warm

NICHES

• Snowy owls
• often in Arctic habitats where they breed
• found only in open tundra places like Alaska and Russia
• Lemmings, mice, rabbits, rodents, waterfowl, other birds and fish.

COMPETITION

• musk ox's diet consists of plants such as sedges and grasses.
• caribou's is made of berries, grass and sedge.
• When plants or trees hard to find they have competition over food

SUSSESION (THREATS)

• Human activities such as mining and drilling for oil has polluted the air, lakes and rivers.
• Human pollution kills plants in the surrounding area.
• This pollution causes erosion, and the permafrost to melt more easily
• Oil spills can kill wildlife and damage tundra ecosystems.