Chapter 5
Published on Mar 18, 2016
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PRESENTATION OUTLINE
CHAPTE 5
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A force (F) is a push or pull on a system. Forces are vector quantities that can be exerted by contact or at a distance. They can be either mechanical forces or field forces.
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Balanced forces do not produce a change in motion . These are forces whose pushes and pulls cancel each other out.
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Unbalance forces act on a system when they combine to produce a single net force. They change the motion of a system.
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Newton's first law of motion, the law of inertia, states that objects at remain at rest, and objects in motion continue in a straight line at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force. This law defines mechanical equilibrium.
Newton's second law of motion, the law of accelerated motion, states that the acceleration of a system is directly proportional to the net force acting on the system and inversely proportional to its mass. --a=F/m or F=ma.
Newton's third law of motion, the law of action-reaction, states that for every external force exerted on a system by its surroundings, the system exerts an equal but opposite force on its surroundings.
Friction (f) is a contact force that opposes the movement of object or substances past each other.
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The normal force is a Newton's third law force acting on a system in reaction to the system's weight or other force pressing it against a supporting surface. The normal force is always perpendicular to the supporting surface.
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Newton's universal law of gravitation states that the gravitational fore between two object is proportional to the masses of the object and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
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Objects that fall due to gravity alone with no other forces acting on them are in free fall. This condition can be ideally attained only in a vacuum, where there is no air resistance.
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Weight (w) is the gravitational attraction exerted on an object's mass bay a large astronomical body. It is calculated by multiplying the object's mass by its acceleration due to gravity. w=mg.
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Momentum (p) is a property of all moving objects calculated by multiplying an object's velocity and mass, p=mv. Momentum is conserved during any collision in which no external force acts on the colliding object.
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Impulse (I) is the change of momentum that occurs due to the application of a force on a system during a time interval, I=∆p=F∆t. An impulsive force acting on a system is often large in relation to other forces acting on the system.
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