THE CONTRIBUTION OF SPORT SCIENCE TO SPORT PERFORMANCE IN TENNIS

INTRODUCTION

• Sport biomechanics is surely very effective in the past and will continue to be effective in the future.
• Biomechanics is the sport science field that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to human performance, in order to gain a greater understanding of performance in athletic events through modeling, simulation and measurement.

CONT'

• The ultimate goal of sport biomechanics study is to improve performance and prevent injury.

why biomechanics are important in tennis?

• Biomechanics help us to develop efficient movement patterns whether on the field of play or during resistance training.
• Next biomechanics also improves sport-specific technique and form to enhance performance and minimize injury.

cont'

• Furthermore, it develops proper habits, ensuring that the athlete is able to develop in the long term.

how biomechanics help in improving performance in tennis

players analysis technology.

• Developments in computing power, motion analysis software and the electronics and also gave some decrease in their costs have facilitated the development of systems that make it possible to collect highly detailed information about player performance.
• These products make it possible to gather a large amount of information in real time that would previously have taken days ororeven weeks.

electronic line-calling

• Electronic line-calling system in tennis called (Hawk-Eye)
• This complex system uses 10 high-performance cameras to track the ball and determine where it lands on the court.

low compression tennis balls

• The introduction of low-compression tennis balls has fundamentally changed the way children and adults learn to play tennis.
• Very young players (under 10) can also use smaller rackets and play on a smaller court in addition to using the soft balls.

surfaces

• The construction of a court is crucial in determining the behaviour of the ball and the movement of the player.

Sport Nutrition

VITRUVIAN MAN

BIG BANG OF BODY TYPES

is sport nutrition important?

• Important for elite's.
• Enter the Pareto Principle. (By Vilfredo Pareto)

PRE-COMP

• 2 major goals:
• 1) Build up muscle glycogen stores ( Vergauwen L, 1998)
• Well hydrated.

cont.

• Eat complex carbs (low glycemic index to boost glycogen stores).
• Eat carbs progressively several days before comp (Carbs loading) and reduce intensity & duration of training (Taper)

Macros

• CHO: 7-8g/Kg per day
• Protein: 1.5-1.7g/Kg per day
• Fats: 1.1-1.5g/Kg per day

During comp.

• Consume a meal 90mins before a match.
• Sport drinks are helpful to replace the lost mineral.
• Eat moderate to high GI foods
• Avoid soft drinks

MACROS

• CHO: 8-10g/Kg
• Protein: 1.5-1.7g/Kg
• Fats: 1.0g/Kg

Post comp

• Within 30 minutes after match: eat a large snack or medium portion dinner with 2 parts carbohydrates, 1 part protein.
• Within 2-3 hours after match: Eat well balanced meal

CONT.

• Within 24 hours: Consume a lot of fluids and have a good rest

MACROS

• CHO: 4-5g/Kg
• Protein: 1.5-1.7g/Kg
• Fats: 1.0g/Kg

warning!

• Even though, it's a guideline proven by a researcher, it's still simply a guidelines!
• Principle of specificity and individuality.

The diet that saved novak djokovic

• Experienced mid-collapsed during the match
• Constantly vomit and had troubled breathing that cause him to lost.

cont.

• Luckily, Dr. Igor Cetojevic realised it.
• After being accessed, Djokovic was sensitive to gluten.
• The diet had been tailor according to his special needs.
• After that, all his problems are gone. He felt lighter and stronger.

Conclusion

• Sport nutritionist play a vital role on elite tennis performance.
• Slight changes could determine who is the world champion and who is not.

Psychology

Untitled Slide

• Many elite players believe that optimal performance at the top level of competition is more towards the mental aspect rather than the physical aspect.

WHAT IS MENTAL TOUGHNESS?

• “Mental toughness is having the natural or developed psychological edge that enables you to, generally, cope better than your opponents with the many demands (competition, training, lifestyle) that sport places on a performer. Specifically, be more consistent and better than your opponent in remaining determined, focused, confident, and in control under pressure.” -Jones (2002)

So what are the ways to improve mental toughness?

• Several methods are used all over the world by elite and amateur athletes.
• Listed in the next following slides are : GOAL SETTING, REGULATING ANXIETY, and IMPROVING CONCENTRATION.

SO WHY DO GOALS WORK?

• Goals help determine what is important to athletes through providing perspective.
• Goals help maintain and sustain motivation.
• Goals increase effort and pushes athletes a little harder to be the best they can be.
• Goals increase the use of relevant learning strategies as specific strategies are implemented.
• Goals direct attention and action.

GOAL SETTING GUIDELINES

• As well as setting both short- and long-term goals, there are other certain guidelines that can help make goal setting much more effective in improving performance. The SMARTER acronym will helps us remember them:

Specific – Indicate precisely what is to be done. Avoid vague alternatives.

Measurable – Athletes should be able to quantify the goal.

Accepted – Goals must be realistic and attainable.

Recorded – Write the goals down. This is the basis of a contract with oneself.

Time-constrained – Set specific time limits.

Exciting – Monitor progress regularly.

Recorded – Goals should be recorded for reference and to view progress.

ANXIETY

• It doesn’t matter if you’re an elite athlete or amateur, competition can cause athletes to react both physically and mentally in a manner, which can negatively affect their performance abilities.
• There are a number of relaxation tips that have been developed to help players cope more effectively with excess anxiety and nervousness :

REGULATING ANXIETY

• Slow down – take time between points
• Breathing control
• Set up stressful situations in practice
• Have fun - Enjoy the situation

concentration

• Concentration is commonly defined as the ability to focus on the relevant cues in your environment and to maintain that focus for the duration of the match. The most obvious cue in this case (tennis) is watching the ball. It is very crucial that concentration is maintained over the course of the match, since a single lapse in concentration could be the difference between winning and losing.

several tips for improving concentration

• Use cue words : One of the best ways to keep your mind focused on the match is through the use of cue words. These simply are words that can help trigger a particular response. These words can have an instructional component or they can be more motivational or emotional . The key is to keep the words simple and let them trigger the desired response.

cont'

• Practice with distractions present : One of the ways to cope better with potential distractions in a match is to practice with distractions present. For example, crowd noise can be generated, movement by players on adjoining courts can be created and bad line calls from opponents and umpires can be incorporated into practice.

cont'

• Play one point at a time – disregard future and past : Since attending to past and future events is one of the main problems with keeping concentration, it stands to reason that playing one point at a time is important for proper concentration. It has to be an ability to play one point at a time and not worry about what just happened or what might happen. The only thing that is important is the point to be played.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, and also a breakdown on this topic, psychology helps in so many ways. It helps in enhancing performance, with various mental strategies, such as visualization, self-talk and relaxation techniques, help athletes overcome obstacles and achieve their full potential and also cope with the pressures of competition. Psychology can help athletes at all levels deal with non-competition pressure from parents, coaches or even their own expectations. Psychology helps players recover from injuries, as after an injury, athletes may need help tolerating pain, adhering to their physical therapy regimens and even help adjusting to being sidelined. Psychology helps amateur athletes or even those who want to exercise regularly to keep with a exercise program, as some may find themselves unable to fulfill their goal.