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Published on Mar 16, 2016
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Never colonized
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http://www.ethiomedia.com/1000parts/7251.html
HUMERA, Northern Ethiopia - Over 700 Ethiopian rebels who were based in Eritrea routed Eritrean government forces in clashes near the Sudanese town of Omhajer on Friday and crossed the border to Ethiopia in peace, sources reported on Sunday.
TPDM rebels in Hamdait
TPDM fighters after arriving in Ethiopia (Photo: EthiopiaFirst)
TPDM rebels in Hamdait
TPDM fighters after arriving in Hamdait, Sudan on Friday (Photo: Farajat online)
Tigray People's Democratic Movement (TPDM), which was under the radar of the Eritrean regime of President Isaias Afewerki for more than 12 years, and largely seen as a mercenary force in the eyes of change-seeking Eritreans, broke its chain loose and entered Sudan on Friday after destroying Eritrean troops who were rushed to the area to block the rebels' flight.
On Friday, residents of the Ethiopian town of Bereket, about 70km northwest of the Ethiopian border town of Humera, reported heavy fighting between the rebels and Eritrean government forces. A story carried by the Sudanese Arabic-language Farajat online also published photos of the scores of the Ethiopian rebels being checked by Sudanese security officers.
The TPDM forces wiped out Eritrean forces near Omhajer, and later at Seq al-Ketir before heading to Hamdait, all Sudanese towns. There were many casualties from both sides, Ethiopian TV reported on Sunday, without giving details. The rebels crossed the border to Ethiopia via Humera and Dima towns.
The heavily-armed Ethiopian rebels were welcomed with open arms by Ethiopian government forces near the border, the TV said.
The bulk of the TPDM force, including its leader, Molla Asgedom, has entered Ethiopia, but many small groups of TPDM were also either in the hands of Sudanese security or were still heading to Ethiopia in different directions.
TPDM, which was the largest rebel force in Eritrea, and its return to Ethiopia, which was expected to fight against and overthrow the regime in Addis, remains a huge blow to the Eritrean regime of President Isaias Afewerki, which was using the rebel group as its own shield against Eritrean uprising.
In fact, observers say let alone the tiny groups of Ethiopian rebels remaining in Eritrea, the Asmara regime itself is at risk of losing power as it has lost its most trusted force, (TPDM), which it had built as its own weapon against domestic unrest. Arrests are being made within the ranks of the army and security, according to the sources reaching Ethiomedia.com.
Both Addis and Asmara have been using proxy forces to divert their own respective crises, and according to analysts, any major conflict between the two governments due to the latest crisis in Eritrea remains remote as war would only lead to the subsequent downfall of each regime.
HUMERA, Northern Ethiopia - Over 700 Ethiopian rebels who were based in Eritrea routed Eritrean government forces in clashes near the Sudanese town of Omhajer on Friday and crossed the border to Ethiopia in peace, sources reported on Sunday.
TPDM rebels in Hamdait
TPDM fighters after arriving in Ethiopia (Photo: EthiopiaFirst)
TPDM rebels in Hamdait
TPDM fighters after arriving in Hamdait, Sudan on Friday (Photo: Farajat online)
Tigray People's Democratic Movement (TPDM), which was under the radar of the Eritrean regime of President Isaias Afewerki for more than 12 years, and largely seen as a mercenary force in the eyes of change-seeking Eritreans, broke its chain loose and entered Sudan on Friday after destroying Eritrean troops who were rushed to the area to block the rebels' flight.
On Friday, residents of the Ethiopian town of Bereket, about 70km northwest of the Ethiopian border town of Humera, reported heavy fighting between the rebels and Eritrean government forces. A story carried by the Sudanese Arabic-language Farajat online also published photos of the scores of the Ethiopian rebels being checked by Sudanese security officers.
The TPDM forces wiped out Eritrean forces near Omhajer, and later at Seq al-Ketir before heading to Hamdait, all Sudanese towns. There were many casualties from both sides, Ethiopian TV reported on Sunday, without giving details. The rebels crossed the border to Ethiopia via Humera and Dima towns.
The heavily-armed Ethiopian rebels were welcomed with open arms by Ethiopian government forces near the border, the TV said.
The bulk of the TPDM force, including its leader, Molla Asgedom, has entered Ethiopia, but many small groups of TPDM were also either in the hands of Sudanese security or were still heading to Ethiopia in different directions.
TPDM, which was the largest rebel force in Eritrea, and its return to Ethiopia, which was expected to fight against and overthrow the regime in Addis, remains a huge blow to the Eritrean regime of President Isaias Afewerki, which was using the rebel group as its own shield against Eritrean uprising.
In fact, observers say let alone the tiny groups of Ethiopian rebels remaining in Eritrea, the Asmara regime itself is at risk of losing power as it has lost its most trusted force, (TPDM), which it had built as its own weapon against domestic unrest. Arrests are being made within the ranks of the army and security, according to the sources reaching Ethiomedia.com.
Both Addis and Asmara have been using proxy forces to divert their own respective crises, and according to analysts, any major conflict between the two governments due to the latest crisis in Eritrea remains remote as war would only lead to the subsequent downfall of each regime.
Local meal
Injera:
weddings
Interesting Facts about Erintrea
- No official Language. Tigrinya widely spoken
- City of Adulis is Africa most ancient City.
- Lowest point is believed to hottest place in the world
- Queen Sheba was from Erintrea
Interesting Facts about Ethiopia
- Never colonized.
- Coffee was discovered by goat herder.
- 13 Months Calendar. 7 year behind
- Ethiopia claim decent from king solomon and Queen Sheba
- Addis Ababa means "New Flower"
- It is considered impolite to refuse a cup of coffe
http://www.bingwa.org/index.php/know-your-continent/285-25-interesting-fact...
1. Ethiopia is the only nation in Africa that was NEVER colonized. It defeated the Italians twice.
2. Coffee was first discovered by a goat herder in the Kaffa region. He noticed his goats pacing restlessly after eating the coffee plant.
3. Abebe Bikula was the first African to win gold in the Olympics marathon in 1960. He ran the entire race barefooted. Other famous long distance athletes are Tirunesh Dibaba and Haile Gebrselassie .
Ethiopian Abebe Bikilarunning barefoot
Ethiopian Abebe Bikilarunning barefoot
4. Wot (hot spicy stew) and Injera (sour flatbread made from fermented teff flour) is the most common dish. Raw meat is also a delicacy.
5. Ethiopia is the only country in the world with 13 months. It is also eight years behind the Western calendar.
6. Lucy, the oldest human fossil believed to have existed over three million years ago, was found in Ethiopia.
7. Emperor Menelik II was the first African (Emperor) to drive a car. His car reached Ethiopia in 1907.
8. Time is counted differently; 6 O'Clock is said to be 12 O' Clock and 16:00 is 10 O' Clock.
9. The Walia Ibex is one of the most famous animals endemic to Ethiopia.
10. Many Ethiopians claim descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
11. One of Ethiopia's most successful musicians is Teddy Afro. In 2012, he married Amleset Muchie, an actress and model who held the Miss University title 2004 and Miss World Ethiopia 2006.
12. The Kiswahili name for Ethiopia is Uhabeshi.
13. Ethiopia is mentioned forty times in The Bible. It is also one of the few countries mentioned in both The Bible and the Koran and many more ancient books.
14.Among the Mursi of Southern Ethiopia, a young woman wearing a disc the size of a food plate on her lower lip is considered beautiful.
The Mursi of Ethiopia.
The Mursi of Ethiopia.
15. Ethiopia is the tenth largest country in Africa. As of 2008, its estimated population was about 82.5 million people.
16. Ethiopians are gaining international recognition in other fields besides athletics. Bethlehem Tilahun Alemu, the founder of soleRebels, a footwear brand that fuses the recycling tradition (car tyre soles) with Ethiopian crafts and modern designs is today a global leader.
17. Orthodox Christians make up about 40% of the country's population. The rest are Muslims, Jews, other Christians and African traditionalists.
18. Ethiopia was the birthplace of Pan-Africanism (A united Africa). Hailed by Emperor Haile Sellassie I, it led to the birth of the African Union.
19. This is the source of the Blue Nile, which together with the White Nile make up the Nile River, which is believed to flow out of the biblical Garden of Eden.
20. There are more than eighty ethnic groups, each with their own language and culture. As of 2008, Oromos were the largest in number.
21. Traditionally, parents and children do not share a last name. Most children take their father's first name as their last name.
22. Amharic is still widely spoken in Ethiopia and is even taught in some schools.
Ethiopian traditional dress
Ethiopian traditional dress
23. The Ethiopia traditional costume (Gabbi or Netella) is made of woven cloth. Women's dress is known as Kemis.
24. Addis Ababa, which means 'new flower', is Ethiopia's capital city. Standing at 2,400 meters above sea level, it is the third highest capital city in the world.
25. Eat when food is ready, speak when the time is right-Ethiopian saying.
Fact: It is considered impolite to refuse a cup of coffee.
-First published in BINGWA Magazine Issue 11 2013
1. Ethiopia is the only nation in Africa that was NEVER colonized. It defeated the Italians twice.
2. Coffee was first discovered by a goat herder in the Kaffa region. He noticed his goats pacing restlessly after eating the coffee plant.
3. Abebe Bikula was the first African to win gold in the Olympics marathon in 1960. He ran the entire race barefooted. Other famous long distance athletes are Tirunesh Dibaba and Haile Gebrselassie .
Ethiopian Abebe Bikilarunning barefoot
Ethiopian Abebe Bikilarunning barefoot
4. Wot (hot spicy stew) and Injera (sour flatbread made from fermented teff flour) is the most common dish. Raw meat is also a delicacy.
5. Ethiopia is the only country in the world with 13 months. It is also eight years behind the Western calendar.
6. Lucy, the oldest human fossil believed to have existed over three million years ago, was found in Ethiopia.
7. Emperor Menelik II was the first African (Emperor) to drive a car. His car reached Ethiopia in 1907.
8. Time is counted differently; 6 O'Clock is said to be 12 O' Clock and 16:00 is 10 O' Clock.
9. The Walia Ibex is one of the most famous animals endemic to Ethiopia.
10. Many Ethiopians claim descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.
11. One of Ethiopia's most successful musicians is Teddy Afro. In 2012, he married Amleset Muchie, an actress and model who held the Miss University title 2004 and Miss World Ethiopia 2006.
12. The Kiswahili name for Ethiopia is Uhabeshi.
13. Ethiopia is mentioned forty times in The Bible. It is also one of the few countries mentioned in both The Bible and the Koran and many more ancient books.
14.Among the Mursi of Southern Ethiopia, a young woman wearing a disc the size of a food plate on her lower lip is considered beautiful.
The Mursi of Ethiopia.
The Mursi of Ethiopia.
15. Ethiopia is the tenth largest country in Africa. As of 2008, its estimated population was about 82.5 million people.
16. Ethiopians are gaining international recognition in other fields besides athletics. Bethlehem Tilahun Alemu, the founder of soleRebels, a footwear brand that fuses the recycling tradition (car tyre soles) with Ethiopian crafts and modern designs is today a global leader.
17. Orthodox Christians make up about 40% of the country's population. The rest are Muslims, Jews, other Christians and African traditionalists.
18. Ethiopia was the birthplace of Pan-Africanism (A united Africa). Hailed by Emperor Haile Sellassie I, it led to the birth of the African Union.
19. This is the source of the Blue Nile, which together with the White Nile make up the Nile River, which is believed to flow out of the biblical Garden of Eden.
20. There are more than eighty ethnic groups, each with their own language and culture. As of 2008, Oromos were the largest in number.
21. Traditionally, parents and children do not share a last name. Most children take their father's first name as their last name.
22. Amharic is still widely spoken in Ethiopia and is even taught in some schools.
Ethiopian traditional dress
Ethiopian traditional dress
23. The Ethiopia traditional costume (Gabbi or Netella) is made of woven cloth. Women's dress is known as Kemis.
24. Addis Ababa, which means 'new flower', is Ethiopia's capital city. Standing at 2,400 meters above sea level, it is the third highest capital city in the world.
25. Eat when food is ready, speak when the time is right-Ethiopian saying.
Fact: It is considered impolite to refuse a cup of coffee.
-First published in BINGWA Magazine Issue 11 2013
Development
http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia/overview
Economic Overview
Ethiopia is the second-most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa with a population of 94.1 million), and population growth rate of 2.6% in 2013. One of the world’s oldest civilizations, Ethiopia is also one of the world’s poorest countries. The country’s per capita income of $470 is substantially lower than the regional average (Gross National Income, Atlas Method). The government aspires to reach middle income status over the next decade.
The economy has experienced strong and broad based growth over the past decade, averaging 10.8% per year in 2003/04 - 2012/13 compared to the regional average of 5.3%. Expansion of the services and agricultural sectors account for most of this growth, while manufacturing sector performance was relatively modest. Private consumption and public investment explain demand side growth with the latter assuming an increasingly important role in recent years.
Economic growth brought with it positive trends in reducing poverty, in both urban and rural areas. While 38.7% of Ethiopians lived in extreme poverty in 2004-2005, five years later this was 29.6%, which is a decrease of 9.1 percentage points as measured by the national poverty line, of less than $0.6 per day. Using the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), the government’s goal is to reduce this further to 22.2% by 2014-2015.
Ethiopia has achieved the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for child mortality and water. There has also been encouraging progress particularly in gender parity in primary education, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Positive results have also been achieved in universal primary education, although the MDG target may not be met. For additional information about Ethiopia’s economy, please refer to the second Ethiopia Economic Update: Laying the Foundation for Achieving Middle Income Status and the third Ethiopia Economic Update: Strengthening Export Performance through Improved Competitiveness.
Political Context
In August 2012, following the death of Prime Minister Meles Zenawi who had led the government since 1991, the appointment of his successor Hailemariam Dessalegn marked a historical moment in the country’s politics. For the first time in its modern history, Ethiopia undertook a peaceful and constitutional transition of power.
For much of the 20th century, Ethiopia was ruled by highly centralized governments. The current ruling party, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) has governed Ethiopia since 1991. Since taking power, the EPRDF has led an ambitious reform effort to initiate a transition to a more democratic system of governance and decentralize authority. This has involved devolving powers and mandates first to regional states, and then to woredas, or district authorities, and kebeles, or village authorities.
Although the formal Ethiopian state structure has been transformed from a highly centralized system to a federal and increasingly decentralized one, a number of challenges remain. The national elections in 2005 and 2010, and the largely uncontested local elections in April 2008, illustrated the fragility of the democratic transition, the dominance of the EPRDF, and the weakened state of the opposition. The May 2010 parliamentary elections resulted in a 99.6% victory for the ruling EPRDF and its allies, reducing the opposition from 174 to only two seats in the 547 member lower house. The next national elections are due in May 2015.
In January 2009, the Ethiopian Parliament passed legislation to regulate civil society organizations (CSOs). While many CSOs had long argued for a new and coherent framework, the new law is restrictive in demarcating areas of operations for different types of CSOs (for example by excluding those receiving more than 10% of funding from external sources from many areas of activity). The government and the Development Assistance Group (DAG), comprising bilateral and multilateral donors, have agreed that the implementation of the CSO law will be reviewed regularly through their joint High-Level Forum structure.
Development Challenges
The main challenge for Ethiopia is to continue and accelerate the progress made in recent years toward the MDGs and to address the causes of poverty among its population. The government is already devoting a very high share of its budget to pro-poor programs and investments. Large scale donor support will continue to provide a vital contribution in the near-term to finance the levels of spending needed to meet these challenges. However, even if donor support is increased, using aid effectively will require Ethiopia to improve governance, empower local authorities, and become more accountable to its citizens.
Over the past two decades, there has been significant progress in key human development indicators: primary school enrollments have quadrupled, child mortality has been cut in half, and the number of people with access to clean water has more than doubled. These gains, together with more recent moves to strengthen the fight against malaria and HIV/AIDS, paint a picture of improved well-being in Ethiopia. Notwithstanding the progress in critical aspects of human development, Ethiopia needs considerable investment and improved policies to achieve some of the MDGs by 2015, given the country’s low starting point.
The Government of Ethiopia’s (GoE) current five-year development plan (2010/11-2014/15), the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), is geared towards fostering broad-based development in a sustainable manner to achieve the MDGs. The GTP envisions a major leap in terms of not only economic structure and income levels but also the level of social indicators. Key goals include:
Rapid economic growth, targeted for 11% per year at worst and, at best, to double the size of the economy by 2015, with GDP per capita expected to reach $698 by 2015
Agricultural production is to double, to ensure food security in Ethiopia for the first time
An increased contribution from the industrial sector, particularly focused on increased production in sugar, textiles, leather products and cement
Foreign exchange reserves are projected to increase and the Birr is to depreciate by five percent against the dollar each year
The roads network should increase from 49,000 km to 64,500 km by 2015
Power generation capacity will increase from the current 2,000 MW to 8,000 MW, and the number of customers from the current two million to four million by 2015
Construction of 2,395 km of railway line
Achievement of all Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
The plan also aims to reduce the maternal mortality rate by more than half from 590 per 100,000 to 267 per 100,000. While some aims are extremely ambitious, the direction of the GTP is consistent with the core priorities of the World Bank Group’s (WBG) Strategy for Africa’s Future and responds to the needs of the country. This plan is the anchor for the WBG’s current Ethiopia Country Partnership Strategy.
The Country Partnership Strategy FY13-FY16 (Amharic) builds on the progress achieved by Ethiopia during the past five years. It also aims to help the GoE address ongoing challenges and assist in the implementation of Ethiopia’s GTP.
The CPS was developed after intensive consultations with a wide range of stakeholders in order to gain a broad-based perspective on the WBG’s performance and development priorities. As with the previous strategy, the CPS is a result-based strategy firmly anchored in the GTP as well as the WBG Strategy for Africa.
The CPS framework includes two pillars with governance as its foundation and two cross cutting themes.
The first pillar, “Fostering competitiveness and employment,” aims to support Ethiopia in achieving a stable macroeconomic environment; increasing agricultural productivity and marketing in selected areas; increasing competitiveness in manufacturing and services, and Medium and Small Enterprises’ access to financial services; improving access to and quality of infrastructure—electricity, roads, and water and sanitation; and improving regional integration, by enhancing involvement in regional agriculture technology generation and dissemination
The second pillar aims to support Ethiopia in improving the delivery of social services and developing a comprehensive approach to social protection and risk management. This includes increasing access to quality health and education services; enhancing the resilience of vulnerable households to food insecurity; increasing adoption of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) systems and strengthening sustainable natural resource management and resilience to climate change.
The foundation of good governance and state building will focus on helping the Ethiopian government to improve public service performance management and responsiveness; enhance the space for citizen participation in the development process as well as its public financial management, procurement, transparency and accountability.
Gender will continue to be mainstreamed in the WBG’s program by ensuring projects are designed taking into consideration the needs of women as well as through individual projects focused on women.
Climate change is also considered by the WBG as an important part of the development process. Therefore, a focus on climate change will be mainstreamed into ongoing and future operations to make them more “climate smart.”
The WBG’s engagement will be provided as a combination of partnerships, knowledge and finance and will be driven by the principle of partnering with GoE to look for pragmatic solutions.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) has re-established its role in developing the private sector and is more actively engaged in key sectors. The Multilateral International Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is also exploring new opportunities to build on its modest portfolio in Ethiopia.
Last Updated: Apr 05, 2015
Economic Overview
Ethiopia is the second-most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa with a population of 94.1 million), and population growth rate of 2.6% in 2013. One of the world’s oldest civilizations, Ethiopia is also one of the world’s poorest countries. The country’s per capita income of $470 is substantially lower than the regional average (Gross National Income, Atlas Method). The government aspires to reach middle income status over the next decade.
The economy has experienced strong and broad based growth over the past decade, averaging 10.8% per year in 2003/04 - 2012/13 compared to the regional average of 5.3%. Expansion of the services and agricultural sectors account for most of this growth, while manufacturing sector performance was relatively modest. Private consumption and public investment explain demand side growth with the latter assuming an increasingly important role in recent years.
Economic growth brought with it positive trends in reducing poverty, in both urban and rural areas. While 38.7% of Ethiopians lived in extreme poverty in 2004-2005, five years later this was 29.6%, which is a decrease of 9.1 percentage points as measured by the national poverty line, of less than $0.6 per day. Using the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), the government’s goal is to reduce this further to 22.2% by 2014-2015.
Ethiopia has achieved the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for child mortality and water. There has also been encouraging progress particularly in gender parity in primary education, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. Positive results have also been achieved in universal primary education, although the MDG target may not be met. For additional information about Ethiopia’s economy, please refer to the second Ethiopia Economic Update: Laying the Foundation for Achieving Middle Income Status and the third Ethiopia Economic Update: Strengthening Export Performance through Improved Competitiveness.
Political Context
In August 2012, following the death of Prime Minister Meles Zenawi who had led the government since 1991, the appointment of his successor Hailemariam Dessalegn marked a historical moment in the country’s politics. For the first time in its modern history, Ethiopia undertook a peaceful and constitutional transition of power.
For much of the 20th century, Ethiopia was ruled by highly centralized governments. The current ruling party, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) has governed Ethiopia since 1991. Since taking power, the EPRDF has led an ambitious reform effort to initiate a transition to a more democratic system of governance and decentralize authority. This has involved devolving powers and mandates first to regional states, and then to woredas, or district authorities, and kebeles, or village authorities.
Although the formal Ethiopian state structure has been transformed from a highly centralized system to a federal and increasingly decentralized one, a number of challenges remain. The national elections in 2005 and 2010, and the largely uncontested local elections in April 2008, illustrated the fragility of the democratic transition, the dominance of the EPRDF, and the weakened state of the opposition. The May 2010 parliamentary elections resulted in a 99.6% victory for the ruling EPRDF and its allies, reducing the opposition from 174 to only two seats in the 547 member lower house. The next national elections are due in May 2015.
In January 2009, the Ethiopian Parliament passed legislation to regulate civil society organizations (CSOs). While many CSOs had long argued for a new and coherent framework, the new law is restrictive in demarcating areas of operations for different types of CSOs (for example by excluding those receiving more than 10% of funding from external sources from many areas of activity). The government and the Development Assistance Group (DAG), comprising bilateral and multilateral donors, have agreed that the implementation of the CSO law will be reviewed regularly through their joint High-Level Forum structure.
Development Challenges
The main challenge for Ethiopia is to continue and accelerate the progress made in recent years toward the MDGs and to address the causes of poverty among its population. The government is already devoting a very high share of its budget to pro-poor programs and investments. Large scale donor support will continue to provide a vital contribution in the near-term to finance the levels of spending needed to meet these challenges. However, even if donor support is increased, using aid effectively will require Ethiopia to improve governance, empower local authorities, and become more accountable to its citizens.
Over the past two decades, there has been significant progress in key human development indicators: primary school enrollments have quadrupled, child mortality has been cut in half, and the number of people with access to clean water has more than doubled. These gains, together with more recent moves to strengthen the fight against malaria and HIV/AIDS, paint a picture of improved well-being in Ethiopia. Notwithstanding the progress in critical aspects of human development, Ethiopia needs considerable investment and improved policies to achieve some of the MDGs by 2015, given the country’s low starting point.
The Government of Ethiopia’s (GoE) current five-year development plan (2010/11-2014/15), the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP), is geared towards fostering broad-based development in a sustainable manner to achieve the MDGs. The GTP envisions a major leap in terms of not only economic structure and income levels but also the level of social indicators. Key goals include:
Rapid economic growth, targeted for 11% per year at worst and, at best, to double the size of the economy by 2015, with GDP per capita expected to reach $698 by 2015
Agricultural production is to double, to ensure food security in Ethiopia for the first time
An increased contribution from the industrial sector, particularly focused on increased production in sugar, textiles, leather products and cement
Foreign exchange reserves are projected to increase and the Birr is to depreciate by five percent against the dollar each year
The roads network should increase from 49,000 km to 64,500 km by 2015
Power generation capacity will increase from the current 2,000 MW to 8,000 MW, and the number of customers from the current two million to four million by 2015
Construction of 2,395 km of railway line
Achievement of all Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
The plan also aims to reduce the maternal mortality rate by more than half from 590 per 100,000 to 267 per 100,000. While some aims are extremely ambitious, the direction of the GTP is consistent with the core priorities of the World Bank Group’s (WBG) Strategy for Africa’s Future and responds to the needs of the country. This plan is the anchor for the WBG’s current Ethiopia Country Partnership Strategy.
The Country Partnership Strategy FY13-FY16 (Amharic) builds on the progress achieved by Ethiopia during the past five years. It also aims to help the GoE address ongoing challenges and assist in the implementation of Ethiopia’s GTP.
The CPS was developed after intensive consultations with a wide range of stakeholders in order to gain a broad-based perspective on the WBG’s performance and development priorities. As with the previous strategy, the CPS is a result-based strategy firmly anchored in the GTP as well as the WBG Strategy for Africa.
The CPS framework includes two pillars with governance as its foundation and two cross cutting themes.
The first pillar, “Fostering competitiveness and employment,” aims to support Ethiopia in achieving a stable macroeconomic environment; increasing agricultural productivity and marketing in selected areas; increasing competitiveness in manufacturing and services, and Medium and Small Enterprises’ access to financial services; improving access to and quality of infrastructure—electricity, roads, and water and sanitation; and improving regional integration, by enhancing involvement in regional agriculture technology generation and dissemination
The second pillar aims to support Ethiopia in improving the delivery of social services and developing a comprehensive approach to social protection and risk management. This includes increasing access to quality health and education services; enhancing the resilience of vulnerable households to food insecurity; increasing adoption of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) systems and strengthening sustainable natural resource management and resilience to climate change.
The foundation of good governance and state building will focus on helping the Ethiopian government to improve public service performance management and responsiveness; enhance the space for citizen participation in the development process as well as its public financial management, procurement, transparency and accountability.
Gender will continue to be mainstreamed in the WBG’s program by ensuring projects are designed taking into consideration the needs of women as well as through individual projects focused on women.
Climate change is also considered by the WBG as an important part of the development process. Therefore, a focus on climate change will be mainstreamed into ongoing and future operations to make them more “climate smart.”
The WBG’s engagement will be provided as a combination of partnerships, knowledge and finance and will be driven by the principle of partnering with GoE to look for pragmatic solutions.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) has re-established its role in developing the private sector and is more actively engaged in key sectors. The Multilateral International Guarantee Agency (MIGA) is also exploring new opportunities to build on its modest portfolio in Ethiopia.
Last Updated: Apr 05, 2015
population of 94.1 million people
- Primary school enrollment. from 26% to 95% between 1994 to 2013.
- Unemployment has dropped from 48% to 28%
- Economy grew 10% in 2013/2014
http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-09-16-10-truly-astonishing-facts-on-ethiop...
Rising from the ashes: 10 astonishing facts on Ethiopia's turnaround, how it did it, and the unseen forces driving growth.
Enrolment in secondary education has shot up, from less than 500,000 in 1996/97 to just under 21.9 million in 2012/13 – that's a 4,280% increase.
A wedding party enjoying a Sunday afternoon at Amora Gedel National Park near Awasa, Ethiopia. The country will book in among the world's highest growth this year. (Photo/ Flickr/ David Stanley).
A wedding party enjoying a Sunday afternoon at Amora Gedel National Park near Awasa, Ethiopia. The country will book in among the world's highest growth this year. (Photo/ Flickr/ David Stanley).
TWENTY years ago, Ethiopia had just adopted a new constitution, billed as a fresh start for a country that desperately needed one.
It had just become the world’s most populous landlocked country when Eritrea’s independence in 1993 cost it valuable access to the sea.
Being landlocked is costly to a country politically, militarily and with respect to international trade and economic security, but even that wasn’t the big ghost haunting the Horn of Africa nation.
Ethiopia had come to be synonymous with famine and poverty, following the brutal 1984-85 famine that killed an estimated 400,000 people, with the desperate images beamed all around the world.
Even in 1995, food shortages were still common, according to records by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
The country had some of the lowest development indicators in the world – gross enrollment in primary school was just 26%, and 63% of the population lived in extreme poverty.
It would have been understandable if you had written off this country and consigned it in the dustbin of history – but then you’d have been wrong.
This Sunday, Ethiopia will launch the Addis Ababa Light Rail transit line, a 34-kilometre urban transportation project, and the latest in a series of mega infrastructure projects in the country that are testament to blistering economic growth in the last few years.
READ: 30 years after famine, Ethiopia village now hosts visitors to show off food security
City Mayor Driba Kuma said the $75m project was “a testimony of fruitful journey towards Ethiopian renaissance”, but the real story of Ethiopia’s remarkable turnaround is not even found in the reflections of the shiny glass buildings sprouting up all over Addis Ababa.
It is instead in the boring numbers and the finer details, with its tremendous transformation a recurring theme of reporting on Ethiopia lately—the World Bank projects it will be the world’s fastest growing economy this year, remarkable for a non-extractives state.
But a just released report from UK think-tank Overseas Development Institute highlights Ethiopia’s truly astonishing progress in improving material well-being with some hard and surprising numbers, and a few lessons for African countries struggling with the same:
1. In 1995, only 37% of Ethiopia’s population was living on $1.25 or more; in 2011, the proportion was up to 63%, one of the largest declines in extreme poverty in Africa, and achieved in just a decade and a half.
2. That makes it one of the few countries in Africa projected to be on target to meet MDG1 of halving the proportion of people in extreme poverty by 2015, according to the country’s UN office.
3. What is unique about Ethiopia’s poverty reduction is that income inequality has for the most part been maintained at low levels, while many other countries undergoing rapid poverty reduction and high economic growth have seen inequality increase.
4. In China, for example, where the largest poverty headcount reductions have been achieved, the Gini coefficient has increased from 0.32 in 1990 to 0.37 in 2011. In Ethiopia, the Gini has declined during this period of significant poverty reduction and high economic growth, from 0.40 in 1995 to 0.34 in 2011. (0 represents perfect equality, 1 maximum inequality).
5. This implies that material gains have been made even at the lower end of the income distribution, blowing the argument that inequality is essential for growth out of the deep dark waters.
6. Over the course of the 1990s and the early 2000s Ethiopia managed the fastest increase in primary enrolment rates of any country in Africa, from just 26% in 1994/5 to 95% in 2012/13.
7. This is a remarkable feat for a country emerging from famine and conflict in the 1990s and that was growing rapidly at 3% per year for 1990-2010, according to the World Bank.
8. Although secondary enrollment is still low at 34%, in absolute terms, the increase has still been incredible—Ethiopia has managed to increase enrollment in secondary education from less than half a million in 1996/97 to just under 21.9 million in 2012/13 – a 4,280% increase in just a decade and a half.
9. ODI’s research finds that “the sheer scale of national ambition and implementation for universal basic education is hard to overstate”; in some regions, the increase has taken place in even a shorter time: The Somali region, for example, saw primary school enrollment rise from just 32.7% to 96.9% between 2007/08 and 2012/13.
10. And Ethiopia has also made remarkable progress in employment quantity and quality, with urban unemployment decreasing from 26% in 1999 to 16.5% in 2013 and overall underemployment dropping from 48% to 28% between 1999 and 2005, though substantial challenges in achieving stable, high-quality employment remain.
Challenges remain, however, and the ODI report says that the transformation is “far from complete”. The quality of education that they receive has not improved, nor have gains in attendance fully extended to higher levels of education.
Lagging manufacturing growth, inefficiencies and limited competition also mean that the economy hasn’t fully transformed.
How did the country do it?
The report’s authors say the country’s pro-poor, pro-rural development agenda is at the heart of the transformation; growth in agriculture has been shown to be 11 times as effective at reducing poverty as growth in extractives, services or even manufacturing in sub-Saharan Africa.
READ: Transforming Africa: Will agriculture, oil and gas, services, or manufacturing deliver the dream?
1. Ethiopia has spent an average 21% of its budget on agriculture from 2004-2009, compared to the African average of just 4%.
2. It has resulted in a doubling of Ethiopia’s road network in two decades, which has allowed more farmers to bring their produce to market, the deployment of 60,000 agricultural extension workers, and the building of 9,000 farmer training centres, the equivalent of nearly one in every village, according to the ODI report.
3. In education, Ethiopia has sought to reduce regional inequalities with a unique decentralised system, which, by allocating funds equitably across the country, has lifted up the poorest woredas (districts) fastest.
4. The aggregate budget for education for the most remote areas rose 44%, compared to 9% for those within 50km of the capital, between 2001 and 2004.
5. Another key driver of poverty reduction is Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme, Africa’s largest social protection scheme, which pays seven million Ethiopians in food or cash in exchange for work on agricultural-infrastructure projects that maintain food security and reduce the incidence of famine. The PSNP mobilises 10% of the population (1.5 million households) to stabilise food supply cutting poverty nationally by 7% since 2005.
But if you think Ethiopia is now heaven on earth, you’d also be wrong.
Ethiopians make up a significant chunk of migrants to Yemen and onward to Saudi Arabia and the rich Gulf states, in search of better economic prospects.
In December, the UN reported that over the past five years, more than 500,000 people—mostly Eritreans, Ethiopians and Somalis—had reached Yemen via the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea following treacherous journeys on vessels that are often overloaded.
READ: Even war won’t stop us: Determined Ethiopians, Somalis brave death and head to Yemen…then finally Saudi Arabia
Even the war that erupted in Yemen earlier this year hasn’t stopped them. According to figures from UNHCR, more than 10,500 people have arrived in Yemen since March when the bombing campaign began, while 51,000 have left; the war in Yemen has created a circular flow in the region.
Why the contradiction, if everything in Ethiopia is so rosy now?
The Ethiopia model has been described as a top-down, state-engineered approach to delivering tangible economic benefits to citizens, in exchange for a narrowed political space where the government can maintain control, without the distracting noise of liberal democracy.
READ: ‘The Kigali consensus’: Lee Kuan Yew hero to African leaders, but it’s tricky to pull off a Singapore miracle
Ethiopia is such a large and diverse country – the second-most populated in Africa, spread over a million square kilometres, home to more than 70 ethnic groups. So many people in such a big place introduces numerous variables that could tip the equation the wrong way.
It means that such near-perfect execution of development demands compliance from the masses, even if it has to be enforced.
Ethiopia’s feudal history – serfdom was officially abolished in 1935 – lays the social and cultural infrastructure for people to fall into step, but also elevates the rural areas above the urban ones and gives the development agenda its explicitly pro-rural focus, unlike many other African countries where the urban areas come first.
Ethiopia has also been driven by the need to outrun the ghosts of 1984-85, and so agriculture and food security take on a near maniacal focus.
Looking at the numbers, the Ethiopia model works - for this stage, at least. But then again, it depends on who you’re asking. The ragged young people walking for days across Ethiopia into Somaliland, and spending their life savings to cross the Red Sea to Yemen might have a very different story from the more ebullient dark-suited types.
There are those leaving who feel the promised fruits of growth still remain tantalisingly out of reach—per capita incomes are still low. Others feel economic freedom while unable to fully express themselves is an expensive trade-off.
The message is that the leaders will have to better sell the dream—even China’s much-vaunted growth, built on a similar platform of total obedience, becomes immediately vulnerable once economic expansion slows.
It is a tough balancing act, but few would fail to be impressed by how much Ethiopia has achieved in such a short time.
Rising from the ashes: 10 astonishing facts on Ethiopia's turnaround, how it did it, and the unseen forces driving growth.
Enrolment in secondary education has shot up, from less than 500,000 in 1996/97 to just under 21.9 million in 2012/13 – that's a 4,280% increase.
A wedding party enjoying a Sunday afternoon at Amora Gedel National Park near Awasa, Ethiopia. The country will book in among the world's highest growth this year. (Photo/ Flickr/ David Stanley).
A wedding party enjoying a Sunday afternoon at Amora Gedel National Park near Awasa, Ethiopia. The country will book in among the world's highest growth this year. (Photo/ Flickr/ David Stanley).
TWENTY years ago, Ethiopia had just adopted a new constitution, billed as a fresh start for a country that desperately needed one.
It had just become the world’s most populous landlocked country when Eritrea’s independence in 1993 cost it valuable access to the sea.
Being landlocked is costly to a country politically, militarily and with respect to international trade and economic security, but even that wasn’t the big ghost haunting the Horn of Africa nation.
Ethiopia had come to be synonymous with famine and poverty, following the brutal 1984-85 famine that killed an estimated 400,000 people, with the desperate images beamed all around the world.
Even in 1995, food shortages were still common, according to records by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
The country had some of the lowest development indicators in the world – gross enrollment in primary school was just 26%, and 63% of the population lived in extreme poverty.
It would have been understandable if you had written off this country and consigned it in the dustbin of history – but then you’d have been wrong.
This Sunday, Ethiopia will launch the Addis Ababa Light Rail transit line, a 34-kilometre urban transportation project, and the latest in a series of mega infrastructure projects in the country that are testament to blistering economic growth in the last few years.
READ: 30 years after famine, Ethiopia village now hosts visitors to show off food security
City Mayor Driba Kuma said the $75m project was “a testimony of fruitful journey towards Ethiopian renaissance”, but the real story of Ethiopia’s remarkable turnaround is not even found in the reflections of the shiny glass buildings sprouting up all over Addis Ababa.
It is instead in the boring numbers and the finer details, with its tremendous transformation a recurring theme of reporting on Ethiopia lately—the World Bank projects it will be the world’s fastest growing economy this year, remarkable for a non-extractives state.
But a just released report from UK think-tank Overseas Development Institute highlights Ethiopia’s truly astonishing progress in improving material well-being with some hard and surprising numbers, and a few lessons for African countries struggling with the same:
1. In 1995, only 37% of Ethiopia’s population was living on $1.25 or more; in 2011, the proportion was up to 63%, one of the largest declines in extreme poverty in Africa, and achieved in just a decade and a half.
2. That makes it one of the few countries in Africa projected to be on target to meet MDG1 of halving the proportion of people in extreme poverty by 2015, according to the country’s UN office.
3. What is unique about Ethiopia’s poverty reduction is that income inequality has for the most part been maintained at low levels, while many other countries undergoing rapid poverty reduction and high economic growth have seen inequality increase.
4. In China, for example, where the largest poverty headcount reductions have been achieved, the Gini coefficient has increased from 0.32 in 1990 to 0.37 in 2011. In Ethiopia, the Gini has declined during this period of significant poverty reduction and high economic growth, from 0.40 in 1995 to 0.34 in 2011. (0 represents perfect equality, 1 maximum inequality).
5. This implies that material gains have been made even at the lower end of the income distribution, blowing the argument that inequality is essential for growth out of the deep dark waters.
6. Over the course of the 1990s and the early 2000s Ethiopia managed the fastest increase in primary enrolment rates of any country in Africa, from just 26% in 1994/5 to 95% in 2012/13.
7. This is a remarkable feat for a country emerging from famine and conflict in the 1990s and that was growing rapidly at 3% per year for 1990-2010, according to the World Bank.
8. Although secondary enrollment is still low at 34%, in absolute terms, the increase has still been incredible—Ethiopia has managed to increase enrollment in secondary education from less than half a million in 1996/97 to just under 21.9 million in 2012/13 – a 4,280% increase in just a decade and a half.
9. ODI’s research finds that “the sheer scale of national ambition and implementation for universal basic education is hard to overstate”; in some regions, the increase has taken place in even a shorter time: The Somali region, for example, saw primary school enrollment rise from just 32.7% to 96.9% between 2007/08 and 2012/13.
10. And Ethiopia has also made remarkable progress in employment quantity and quality, with urban unemployment decreasing from 26% in 1999 to 16.5% in 2013 and overall underemployment dropping from 48% to 28% between 1999 and 2005, though substantial challenges in achieving stable, high-quality employment remain.
Challenges remain, however, and the ODI report says that the transformation is “far from complete”. The quality of education that they receive has not improved, nor have gains in attendance fully extended to higher levels of education.
Lagging manufacturing growth, inefficiencies and limited competition also mean that the economy hasn’t fully transformed.
How did the country do it?
The report’s authors say the country’s pro-poor, pro-rural development agenda is at the heart of the transformation; growth in agriculture has been shown to be 11 times as effective at reducing poverty as growth in extractives, services or even manufacturing in sub-Saharan Africa.
READ: Transforming Africa: Will agriculture, oil and gas, services, or manufacturing deliver the dream?
1. Ethiopia has spent an average 21% of its budget on agriculture from 2004-2009, compared to the African average of just 4%.
2. It has resulted in a doubling of Ethiopia’s road network in two decades, which has allowed more farmers to bring their produce to market, the deployment of 60,000 agricultural extension workers, and the building of 9,000 farmer training centres, the equivalent of nearly one in every village, according to the ODI report.
3. In education, Ethiopia has sought to reduce regional inequalities with a unique decentralised system, which, by allocating funds equitably across the country, has lifted up the poorest woredas (districts) fastest.
4. The aggregate budget for education for the most remote areas rose 44%, compared to 9% for those within 50km of the capital, between 2001 and 2004.
5. Another key driver of poverty reduction is Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Programme, Africa’s largest social protection scheme, which pays seven million Ethiopians in food or cash in exchange for work on agricultural-infrastructure projects that maintain food security and reduce the incidence of famine. The PSNP mobilises 10% of the population (1.5 million households) to stabilise food supply cutting poverty nationally by 7% since 2005.
But if you think Ethiopia is now heaven on earth, you’d also be wrong.
Ethiopians make up a significant chunk of migrants to Yemen and onward to Saudi Arabia and the rich Gulf states, in search of better economic prospects.
In December, the UN reported that over the past five years, more than 500,000 people—mostly Eritreans, Ethiopians and Somalis—had reached Yemen via the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea following treacherous journeys on vessels that are often overloaded.
READ: Even war won’t stop us: Determined Ethiopians, Somalis brave death and head to Yemen…then finally Saudi Arabia
Even the war that erupted in Yemen earlier this year hasn’t stopped them. According to figures from UNHCR, more than 10,500 people have arrived in Yemen since March when the bombing campaign began, while 51,000 have left; the war in Yemen has created a circular flow in the region.
Why the contradiction, if everything in Ethiopia is so rosy now?
The Ethiopia model has been described as a top-down, state-engineered approach to delivering tangible economic benefits to citizens, in exchange for a narrowed political space where the government can maintain control, without the distracting noise of liberal democracy.
READ: ‘The Kigali consensus’: Lee Kuan Yew hero to African leaders, but it’s tricky to pull off a Singapore miracle
Ethiopia is such a large and diverse country – the second-most populated in Africa, spread over a million square kilometres, home to more than 70 ethnic groups. So many people in such a big place introduces numerous variables that could tip the equation the wrong way.
It means that such near-perfect execution of development demands compliance from the masses, even if it has to be enforced.
Ethiopia’s feudal history – serfdom was officially abolished in 1935 – lays the social and cultural infrastructure for people to fall into step, but also elevates the rural areas above the urban ones and gives the development agenda its explicitly pro-rural focus, unlike many other African countries where the urban areas come first.
Ethiopia has also been driven by the need to outrun the ghosts of 1984-85, and so agriculture and food security take on a near maniacal focus.
Looking at the numbers, the Ethiopia model works - for this stage, at least. But then again, it depends on who you’re asking. The ragged young people walking for days across Ethiopia into Somaliland, and spending their life savings to cross the Red Sea to Yemen might have a very different story from the more ebullient dark-suited types.
There are those leaving who feel the promised fruits of growth still remain tantalisingly out of reach—per capita incomes are still low. Others feel economic freedom while unable to fully express themselves is an expensive trade-off.
The message is that the leaders will have to better sell the dream—even China’s much-vaunted growth, built on a similar platform of total obedience, becomes immediately vulnerable once economic expansion slows.
It is a tough balancing act, but few would fail to be impressed by how much Ethiopia has achieved in such a short time.
