Chapter 8

Jacksonian Democracy

• As voting rights expanded, the United States became more democratic
• In 1828, Andrew Jackson was elected president as the champion of the common man

Spoils (patronage) System

• The practice of appointing people to government jobs on the basis of party, loyalty, and support
• Jackson considered the spoils system to be democratic

Nullification Crisis in South Carolina

• Argued that states had the right to declare a law null, or not valid
• Calhoun theorized that the states had the right this right since they had created the federal Union

Jackson vs. the National Bank

• American paper money consisted of bank notes issued by private state banks
• President Jackson believed the national Bank was unconstitutional
• Jackson won political victory by putting away the Bank of the United States

John C. Calhoun

• The nation's Vice President
• Put forth the idea of nullification

WORCESTER V. GEORGIA

• In 1832 Chief Justice John Marshall ordered state officials to honor Cherokee property rights

Indian Removal Act

• Provided money for Native Americans to relocate
• Most Native Americans gave in and resettled in the west

ELECTION OF 1840-"TIPPECANOE AND TYLER TOO"

"His Accidency"

• Congress and the Whigs mockingly called Tyler "His Accidency"

IRISH AND GERMAN IMMIGRANTs

• Irish and German Immigrants led to the rise of several nativist groups such as, the Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner

Reforms

• The spirit of reform prompted Americans to improve the prison system
• In the early 1800s, many reformers began to push for a system of public education

Nativism

• Hostility towards farmers

Second Great Awakening

• Began in Kentucky
• Individuals must readmit God and Christ into their daily lives

Charles Finney

• A Presbyterian minister
• Preached that each person contained within himself or herself the capacity for spiritual rebirth and salvation

Brigham Young

• Brigham Young became the leader of the Mormon Church

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON

• Organized the anti-slavery movement, Seneca Falls Convention

Seneca Falls Convention

• Considered by many to be the unofficial beginning of the struggle for women's voting rights

Gradualism

• The belief that slavery had to be ended gradually

Temperance

• Moderation in the consumption of alcohol

Abolitionism

• Abolitionism was a powerful force, and it provoked a powerful public response
• In the North, citizens looked upon the abolitionist movement with views from ranging support to indifference to opposition

Reactions to the abolitionist movement in the North & the South

• Northerners viewed the movement a dangerous threat to the existing social system
• Southerners responded to the growing attacks against slavery by strongly defending the institution