People & Government
Published on Mar 08, 2016
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People & Government
From the early 1600 s to the early 1900 s, the government of different nations have set ideas and laws based on different events. These laws and events help the government show their power and dominance over the people of their nation, and of others.
Feudalism in Russia
Feudalism is a system of government in which the peasants, or serfs, were forced to live on their noble's land and give him labor, and a share of the produce in exchange for military protection. In 1462, a new leader in Russia called Ivan the Great, or Ivan III. He and his men started the absolute rule in Russia. Then came Ivan IV, his grandson, and he brought feudalism to Russia. He had strict laws on serfs, where he bound the serfs to the land their worked on. This got him the name Ivan the Terrible. In 1762, Catherine the Great took throne. Although she did great things for education and embraced western ideas, she was very similar to Ivan IV. She allowed nobles to not pay taxes, and allowed them to increase their grip on serfs. The serfs weren't happy and rebelled, but Catherine's army shut them down, and in result, forced more peasants in serfdom.
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Feudalism in Russia
Catherine's reign ended in 1796. Serfdom continued on until Alexander II took throne in 1855, during the Crimean War. This war started after Russia tried to seize the Ottoman. Russia had lost that war, and Alexander published his Emancipation Manifesto in March 1861 after the war. The Manifesto was quickly turned into law, and said that all serfs were given the right to become free citizens.
Photo by _mumble
Feudalism in Russia Citations
WALDRON, PETER. "Russia." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 2047-2059. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.
"Russian Feudal Hierarchy." Hierarchy. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.
"Emancipation of The Serfs." History of Russia. Andy Young, 5 June 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.
Imperialism in Africa
During the 1800s, Europeans all wanted to conquer parts of Africa. Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, social, or cultural life of another country. In 1884, a meeting was set up in Berlin, called the Berlin Conference, to divide up Africa so that there won't have to be a war between Europe. Most of Europe's nation attended, but no African nations were allowed to come. Europeans, such as France, sent out army officials to basically take over that country, this was called direct colonial rule. This method was faster and more effective. Other European nations, such as Britain, used a different way of conquering called indirect colonial rule. This was using local rulers, in this case from Africa, to encourage children to get an education in Britain. By the late 1800s, France, Britain, Portugal, Germany, Belgium, and other European nations all dominated a piece of Africa, leaving practically no nothing.
Imperialism in Africa Citations
PORTER, BERNARD. "Imperialism." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Ed. John Merriman and Jay Winter. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. 1114-1126.
Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 14 Mar. 2016.
"1750-1914 - Imperialism in Africa." 1750-1914 -
Imperialism in Africa. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2016.
Eading. Asia and the Americans. The New Imperialism in Africa (n.d.): n. pag. Web.
Trade in East Asia
In the 17 and 1800s, China and Japan, large nations in East Asia, had strict limits on foreign trade. China, on one hand, was seen as weaker than Japan because of their actions and consequences. In 1842, China accepted a treaty made with Britain that made China pay for all of Britain's loses in the Opium War in 1839, and granted British citizens in China extraterritoriality, the right to live under their own laws. Also, China was forced to open up five foreign ports for foreign trade. This was the first of the many "unequal treaties" that China made with western powers. On the other hand, Japan was doing well in trade. They opened up ports to Americans and Europeans, and the shogun began the Meiji, a reign of by the the shogun that translated “enlightened rule”. He sent people to study the Western ways of governing and fighting. Japan in late 1800s modernized their nation from what they had learned from the Americans, meaning they began to adopt the newer of ways of doing things in the nation.
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