Other indicators of development

HDI as a measurement

• There are many more aspects to development than the three included in HDI.
• Furthermore, HDI is simply an average; it does not account for differences like those between urban and rural areas, men and women, and ethnic groups.
• Other indicators of development attempt to account for these alternate factors.

The gender empowerment measure

• One measure of development is self esteem/creating opportunites and freedoms for all people
• Measured by GEM: Gender Empowerment Measure
• GEM=Participation of women in the work force
• High value (on a scale of 1-0) is a high level of empowerment for women

Human Poverty Index (HPI)

• measures proportion of people who are deprived of opportunity to reach development goal
• shows how benefits of development are spread among the people
• shown as a percentage; a higher percentage indicates greater deprivation and higher level of poverty

The gender related development index

• The GDI looks at the same indicators as the HDI, but takes into account the inequalities between men and women.
• inequality will result in a GDI that is lower than the HDI